自组装技术在特殊形貌无机纳米材料制备中的作用

doi:10.11896/cldb.201903012

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Abstract In recent years, the research of inorganic nanomaterials mainly focuse on the preparation of low-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles and nanofibers, which possess a quite mature preparation method, while the study on high-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials with special morphology is relatively scarce. Recent researches demonstrated that high-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials with special morpho-logy exhibit superior performance than that of the low-dimensional nanomaterials in certain fields, including catalysis, solar cells, sensors, microwave absorption and medicine, due to their unique structure and surface properties, while the types of prepared high-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials are few, their morphologies are non-uniform, and their controllability is poor. Therefore, some researchers committed to the study on the growth mechanism of inorganic nanomaterials with special morphology, and expected to provide an effective theoretical basis for material preparation.
Methods for preparing inorganic nanomaterials include microemulsion method, sol-gel method, electrochemical method, hydrothermal/solvothermal method, etc. Among them, the inorganic nanomaterials prepared via hydrothermal/solvothermal method have a series of advantages including complete crystalline phase, uniform particle size distribution, less agglomeration between particles and cheaper raw materials, thus they are widely adopted. As a new concept in the the field of supermolecular, the self-assembly technique plays a crucial role in preparations of these materials with special morphology. And its main function is to connect and assemble low-dimensional nanostructure units into various complex hierarchical structures by non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bond, van der Waals force and electrostatic force.
The inorganic nanomaterials with special morphology, including flakes, rods, flowers, sponges and dendrites have been synthesized by self-assembly technology. The growth process of flake-like materials are as follows: the first step is the Osterval ripening process of the nanoparticles, and the second step is directional adhesion and self-assembled of the ripened nanoparticles into the flake-like materials. There are two cases in the growth process of the rod-like materials. One is the same as the flakes forming process, the other one is firstly formed into flakes, and then curl into the rod-like units, finally, the rod-like units are directional adhesion and self-assembled to rod-like materials with different ratios of length to diameter. The formation processes of complex morphologies such as flowers, sponges, dendrites and others are self-assembled via hydrogen bonds on the basis of the formation of the flake-like or rod-like units. The self-assembly process is affected by surfactants or templating agents, solvents, precipitants and pH, etc. The researchers found that the introduction of appropriate surfactants or templating agents when utilizing the hydrothermal method can promote the order self-assembly of low-dimensional nanostructure units to form special morphological nanomaterials with well-crystallized, uniform size. The morphology and size of the product can be controlled by growth direction, growth rate and interaction force between nanparticles which are affected by changing the preparing conditions such as surfactant or template, precipitant type and dosage and pH, etc.
In this paper, the research findings on the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials with special morphology via self-assembly technology in recent years are reviewed, and the influencing factors of self-assembly process are comprehensively discussed. In addition, the development direction and application of inorganic nanomaterials with special morphology are prospected as well, looking forword to provide a reference for the preparation of special morphology nanomaterials with superior properties.

Key words： self-assembly special morphology nano-material hydrothermal method

Published: 13 February 2019

CLC number:

TB34

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	CHEN Juan
	JIANG Qi

Cite this article:

CHEN Juan,JIANG Qi. The Role of Self-assembly Technology in the Preparation of Inorganic Nanomaterials with Special Morphology[J]. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(3): 454-461.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.201903012 OR http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2019/V33/I3/454

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