Research Progress on Material/Structure and Mechanical Properties of Energy-absorbing Bolt Used in Ground Anchorage
LI Jingwen1, QIAO Jiangang1, FU Xu2, LIU Xiaoli2
1.College of Civil and Transportation, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401; 2.Department of Architectural Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000
Abstract: Energy-absorbing bolt has effectively solved the problem of high deformation and instantaneous high dynamic load of rock and soil layer and played an important role in deep soft rock engineering since the 90s of 20 century.The traditional supporting materials of energy-absorbing bolts generally include bolt body, bracket, nut and anchoring agent. The bolt body materials are generally round steel and threaded steel, which show excellent material properties under static and dynamic loading conditions. Resin anchoring agent is one of the main anchoring agents, which can be divided into four types: slow, medium, fast and super fast. Australia and China have developed two-speed resin anchoring agent successfully. At present, dozens of energy absorbing bolts have been developed, such as cone bolt, D-bolt, Garford bolt, Yield-Lok bolt and Roofex bolt. These bolts can be divided into two categories: extendable and slippable. For example, Cone bolt absorbs and transfers the swelling deformation energy of surrounding rock mainly by the slip of cone in anchorage agent. D-bolt absorbs and transfers the swelling deformation energy of surrounding rock mainly by the yielding deformation of paddle-shaped or corrugated anchorage elements on the bar. Both Garford solid bolt and Roo-fex bolt depend on tension load to force the bolt body to be extruded from the slippery element (sleeve shape, inner diameter less than bolt dia-meter), so as to absorb and transfer the swelling deformation energy of surrounding rock. For the above energy-absorbing bolts, the tension load (working resistance) varies with displacement and the elongation is limited. When the expansive deformation energy of surrounding rock is large enough, the bolt support system is easy to be damaged by impact, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of large deformation control. In view of this, Academician Manchu He proposed the concept of negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) material/structure for the first time in the field of geotechnical anchorage, and successfully developed energy-absorbing NPR bolts with unique negative Poisson’s ratio effect. NPR bolt has more advantages than traditional material bolt in shear resistance, dynamic load resistance and energy absorption, which is helpful for the development of deep soft rock support in the field of geotechnical anchorage. With the increase of mining depth, the nonlinear physical and mechanical phenomena in soft rock mass become more and more complex. Energy-absorbing bolts still need to be further studied in terms of new materials and structures, coordination mechanism with surrounding rocks, anchorage mechanism under multi-field coupling, corrosion problem of bolts and intelligent design method and technology of information. In this paper, the material properties, structural forms, working principles and mechanical properties of traditional supporting materials and negative Poisson’s ratio material/structure energy-absorbing bolts are introduced. The scientific problems faced by energy-absorbing bolts are analyzed and their research prospects are forecasted in order to adapt to new development.
李景文, 乔建刚, 付旭, 刘晓立. 岩土锚固吸能锚杆支护材料/结构及其力学性能研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(9): 1567-1574.
LI Jingwen, QIAO Jiangang, FU Xu, LIU Xiaoli. Research Progress on Material/Structure and Mechanical Properties of Energy-absorbing Bolt Used in Ground Anchorage. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(9): 1567-1574.
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2019, Vol. 33 
