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Solid Waste and Ecological Materials: Resourceful and High-value Utilization of Road Wastes
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Advance in Cold Recycling Pavement by Emulsified Asphalt:Materials Property, Composition Design and Performance Evaluation
YU Jiangmiao, FENG Zhihao, CHEN Fuda, YU Huayang
Materials Reports
2024,38(22 ):24030095 -10. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24030095
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Emulsified cold recycled asphaltmixture plays a crucial role in achieving energy saving, emission reduction, resource intensification, and sustainable development goals by utilizing reclaimed asphalt pavement materials at room temperature. It has emerged as a prominent low-carbon road construction technology. However, the utilization rate of reclaimed materials remains below 40%, mainly due to challenges such as slow strength formation and low initial strength. Enhancing the utilization and accelerating early strength formation are key research areas in emulsified cold recycled asphalt technology. Researches are focused on three main directions:material properties, composition design, and performance evaluation. Aged asphalt activity, particle characteristics, and regenerants are critical aspects of reclaimed asphalt pavement. Despite the potential benefits, the high dosage of recycled materials has not yet seen widespread application. Modification of asphalt type, viscosity, and dosages can significantly enhance the mechanical strength and road performance of cold recycled mixtures. The curing process of modified asphalt influences the speed of strength formation. In composition design, gradation plays a vital role in the performance of the skeleton structure. Key size of particles, gradation improvement, and volume indicators are key considerations. Differences in molding methods between indoor and field projects exist, with gyratory compaction being closer to actual conditions. However, consensus on parameters and molding indexes is lacking. The use of reclaimed materials improves high-temperature and fatigue performance of mixtures, while cement enhances low-temperature brittleness. The dosage of cement should be adjusted to meet performance requirements. Furthermore, there is currently insufficient understanding of the mechanism of early strength formation and methods for improvement. Research on the early performance of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixtures should be enhanced to increase the efficiency of engineering construction.
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Research Progress on Heat-induced Self-healing Asphalt Concrete: a Kind of Sustainable Pavement Material
DONG Sufen, SONG Zexuan, ZHANG Wenhui, HUANG Zhide, HAN Baoguo
Materials Reports
2024,38(22 ):23080062 -12. DOI:10.11896/cldb.23080062
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Thermal induction technology can improve the self-healing efficiency of asphalt concrete, increase the fatigue resistance, extend the service life, and reduce the life cycle cost of asphalt concrete pavement, thereby reducing environmental footprint(especially carbon footprint) ge-nerated by the production and usage of asphalt concrete. Here reviews the thermal induced self-healing properties and mechanisms of asphalt concrete based on electromagnetic, microwave and ray induction, then envisions it's main challenges and application prospects to provide support for the development of low-carbon and sustainable pavement. It shows that regulation and utilization of the temperature sensitivity to realize the flow and diffusion of asphalt at the crack interface is the key to achieve thermal induced self-healing. Fibrous functional fillers with high thermal/electrical properties can make asphalt concrete produce high thermal induced self-healing efficiency in a short time, while granular functional fillers endow asphalt concrete with efficient self-healing performance after prolonged heating. Electromagnetic induced self-healing performance of asphalt concrete mainly depends on functional fillers. The mineral materials in asphalt concrete are heated by microwave, leading to low heating rates and efficiency. The microwave absorption capacity and self-healing efficiency can be improved by incorporating functional fillers with high thermal conductivity and wave absorbing properties. The cooling process of ray induced self-healing is too fast to get the realization of self-healing in the cooling process. Based on these, on the premise of driving comfort and safety, low-cost, low-carbon, efficient, and safe operation are the application foundations of thermal induction technology, and developing intelligent, automatically responsive, and sustainable asphalt concrete based on thermal induction technology is the future development direction.
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Effects of Curing Temperature on Properties and Microstructure of Red Mud-based Road Cementitious Material
HAN Ruikai, CHEN Yuxin, ZHANG Jian, LI Zhaofeng, WANG Yansheng
Materials Reports
2024,38(22 ):24060144 -8. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24060144
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Red mud-based road cementitious material can be used instead of cement in the construction of semi-rigid road bases. Shandong Province has a warm temperate monsoon climate with significant fluctuations in temperature throughout the year. Different months result in different curing temperatures for the cementitious material. This work focused on the influencing law and underlying mechanism of variation of curing temperature on the compressive strength and microstructure of red mud-based road cementitious material. The curing temperatures applied in the experiment was changed amongst 1 ℃, 4 ℃, 10 ℃, 16 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, and 28 ℃, which was determined based on the actual temperature data in Shandong(Jinan) from 2006 to 2023. The instruments used in strength test and microstructure observation were a universal testing machine and a
1
H low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analyzer, and the means utilized for revealing the underlying mechanism of curing temperature variation-induced performance evolution included X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetry, and ICP-OES. It could be concluded that an increase in curing temperature would promote the development of compressive strength of red mud-based road cementitious material. The cementitious material cured at 28 ℃ achieved a 7-day compressive strength of 21.15 MPa, 67.41% higher than that achieved under the curing temperature of 1 ℃. When the material was cured at a temperature of ≥20 ℃, its whole-curing-stage strength development rate was higher than 1 MPa/d. Increasing the curing temperature would result in optimized pore structure distribution of the stone body. After 7 days of curing, with the increase of curing temperature, the proportions of gel pores and transition pores in the stone bodies increased from 37.82% to higher than 80% and the proportion of pores decreased from 62.18% to about 15%. The main hydration product of red mud-based road cementitious material is(C, N)-A-S-H gel, which plays an important role for strength development. Higher curing temperatures are conducive to the dissolution of Si/Al elements in red mud, thus increasing the production of (C, N)-A-S-H gel. For the application of red mud-based cementitious material to road engineering, it is recommended not to perform road construction when monthly average temperature is below 10 ℃, and to extend the curing time to accelerate strength development when monthly average temperature is within 10—20 ℃.
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Advances and Prospects on the Resource Recovery of Iron Tailings in Asphalt Pavement
SI Chundi, CUI Yaning, LI Song, JIA Yanshun, FAN Taotao, ZHANG Yi
Materials Reports
2024,38(22 ):24050001 -13. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24050001
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The massive accumulation of iron tailings not only wastes valuable land resources, but also causes serious environmental pollution. At the same time, the construction of asphalt pavement requires a large amount of natural resources. The resource utilization of iron tailings in asphalt pavement can effectively alleviate this contradiction. This article provides an overview of the physical and chemical properties and environmental safety of iron tailings in different regions. It summarizes the research progress and difficulties in the road performance, interface adhesion performance, and microwave heating self-healing performance of iron tailings in asphalt pavement layers. It analyzes and extracts the research status and key technologies of iron tailings as aggregate and supplementary cementitious materials for pavement base layers. It elaborates in detail on the activation process and reaction mechanism of preparing iron tailings based cementitious materials based on hydration and polymerization reactions. Finally, it points out the problems existing in the application of iron tailings in asphalt pavement and the directions that should be further studied in the future.
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Study on the Preparation of Clinker from Recycled Concrete Powder and Calcium Carbide Slag and Its Hydration Properties
HOU Shengju, LI Shuguo, HE Chao, CHEN Yang, DAN Jianming, ZHOU Yang, LI Xiangguo, LYU Yang
Materials Reports
2024,38(22 ):23120044 -6. DOI:10.11896/cldb.23120044
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This research focuses on low-carbon cement preparation technology by using typical solid wastes such as recycled concrete powder(RCP) and calcium calcium carbide slag(CCS) as raw materials. The effects of sintering temperatures(1 300 ℃, 1 350 ℃, 1 400 ℃ and 1 450 ℃) and the contents of CCS and RCP on clinker calcination and mineral phase composition are analyzed, meanwhile the hydration characteristics and mechanical properties of solid waste-based cement at 1 400 ℃ are studied. Results demonstrated that an appropriate amount of RCP could lower the optimal clinker sintering temperature, enhancing both the mechanical properties and the cement hydration process. Specifically, when the RCP content reached 60wt%, the solid waste-based cement exhibited superior mechanical properties, achieving a 28-day compressive strength of 110.5 MPa. This investigation contributes to the advancement of resource utilization for RCP and offers guidance for substituting calcium-silica raw materials with solid waste in cement production.
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Influence of Circulating Refined Fluidized Bed Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties and Pore Structure of Foamed Concrete
ZHANG Hongzhi, LIANG Quping, SHAO Mingyang, JIANG Nengdong, YANG Mengyu, SUI Gaoyang, GE Zhi
Materials Reports
2024,38(22 ):24020041 -7. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24020041
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To promote the resource utilization of circulating fluidized bed fly ash (CFA) and reduce cement consumption, the reactivity of CFA was activated by grinding. Foamed concrete was prepared by partially replacing cement with refined circulating fluidized bed fly ash (RCFA). The influence of RCFA content on the water requirement, setting time, hydration heat and hydration product of the composite cementitious system, as well as the workability and mechanical properties of foamed concrete was studied. The effect of RCFA on the pore structure of foamed concrete was studied by X-ray tomography and image processing technology. The results show that increasing the amount of RCFA increased the water requirement of composite cementitious system, prolonged setting time, slowed down hydration rate, reduced cumulative hydration heat release and raised the unit cement hydration heat. At the substitution rate of 30%, RCFA can fully react with cement, improve the pore structure and mechanical properties of foamed concrete. A higher content of RCFA is detrimental to the pore structure and mechanical properties of foamed concrete. However it can still meet the mechanical needs of subgrade filling under the replacement level of 70%.
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Study on Rheological Properties and Adhesion Self-healing Properties of SARA Doped Asphalt
HE Yinzhang, XIONG Kun, ZHANG Jiupeng, LI Zhe, LI Yan
Materials Reports
2024,38(22 ):24050184 -8. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24050184
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At present, there is insufficient research on the properties of SARA component on asphalt, the failure mechanism of asphalt-aggregate interface and the self-healing performance of interface adhesion. However, it is very difficult to extract asphalt components in large quantities. Therefore, in this work, the Corbett method was used to separate the components of matrix asphalt to prepare component-doped asphalt. The influence of SARA components on rheological properties was analyzed by the DSR frequency scanning test. The influence mechanism of SARA components on the self-healing performance of asphalt adhesion was studied by the SHRP net adsorption test and pulling test. Finally, the inf-luence mechanism of Sara components on its interface properties was analyzed using grey correlation analysis and linear correlation analysis. The results show that the increase of asphaltene and resin content will increase the adhesion strength of the interface, but it harms the self-healing performance of the interface, in which asphaltene has a stronger effect than resin. The increase in the content of aromatic and saturate components reduce the interfacial adhesion strength to some extent, but it promote interfacial self-healing. It is rich in aliphatic branched molecules, which can increase the fluidity of asphalt and promote interfacial healing. The influence of aromatic components is higher than that of saturate components. The grey correlation and linear correlation analysis show that the correlation between the interfacial adhesion strength of asphalt and a single component is lower than that of two components(light component and heavy component), and the self-healing performance of interfacial adhesion is linear with light component and heavy component to some extent.
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Study on Activation Preparation and Properties of High-performance Recycled-powder-based Geopolymer Grouting Materia
l XU Jun, KANG Aihong, WU Zhengguang, GONG Yongfan, KOU Changjiang, WU Bangwei, ZHANG Yao, XIAO Peng
Materials Reports
2024,38(22 ):24060235 -6. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24060235
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By utilizing recycled powder generated in the preparation process of recycled aggregates from waste concrete, this work made a successful attempt to obtain a high-performance and low-carbon geopolymer grouting material. The main points in the preparation of the geopolymer grouting material were thermal-mechanical synergistic activation treatment of the recycled powder, and the use of an alkali activator. The effects of activation schedule on the working performance, mechanical properties, bleeding rate, 24-hour free expansion rate, and microstructure of the product were studied. Performance tests showed that the increase of ball-milling time length of the powder along with a constant thermal activation tempe-rature resulted in the increase → decrease variations of working properties, mechanical properties, and bleeding rate of geopolymer grouting material, except for the 24-hour free expansion rate. And when ball-milling time length was controlled as a constant, the rise of thermal activation temperature also led to the increase → decrease variations of the product performances. The recycled-powder-based geopolymer grouting material prepared using a thermal activation temperature of 750 ℃ and a ball-milling time length of 10 min achieved the best performance amongst all the samples. The analyses of XRD and SEM confirmed large improvements in activity and specific surface area of the thermally-mechanically activated recycled powder, which consequently enhanced the densification of the grouting material. The change in activation schedule has a crucial impact on the properties and structure of the grouting material. The preparation of recycled-powder-based geopolymer grouting material provides a new inspiration for promoting high-value utilization of waste concrete.
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Effect of Chemical Activation Methods on Volcanic Slag-Cement Composite Binder
TAN Yanbin, LI Linxiang, YANG Zhenzhen, XING Zida, LIN Xinkai, GE Xin, YANG Lu, YUAN Qiang
Materials Reports
2024,38(22 ):24030103 -7. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24030103
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The utilization of chemical activation method can enhance the applicability of natural volcanicash produced by waste slags as mineral admixtures in engineering applications. By employing the strength activity index method, a comparative analysis was conducted on the effects of various chemical activators on activation, and the impacts of activator type and dosage on setting time, rheological properties, and pore structure of pulverized pozzolan-cement composite binder were investigated. Results indicate that chemical activators have a more pronounced influence on strength enhancement during intermediate to late ages, with Li
2
SO
4
, Na
2
SO
4
, and TEA exhibiting superior performance in activating natural volcanic slags up to 18%. Chemical activators accelerate slurry setting while increasing plastic viscosity for newly mixed slurries. They also reduce porosity within composite binder while refining pores size distribution without affecting hydration product types.
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Solid Waste and Ecological Materials: Resourceful and High-value Utilization of Road Wastes
