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Smart Fibers and Fabrics for Wearable Thermal Management
ZHANG Rongzhen, BAI Hao
Materials Reports
2025,39(1 ):24080088 -11. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24080088
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Maintaining thermal comfort is crucial for sustaining normal human physiological functions. Utilizing fibers and textiles for personal thermal regulation not only enhances thermal comfort but also contributes to reducing building energy consumption. However, traditional textiles often fail to meet diverse human thermal comfort needs, necessitating the development of novel wearable thermal management materials. Thanks to advancements in material chemistry, physics, and nanotechnology, numerous fibers and textiles with outstanding thermal management properties have been developed. This article reviews innovative strategies for temperature regulation and the latest advancements in wearable thermal management materials, focusing on various advanced passive and active thermal management materials. It aims to enhance understanding of the mechanisms behind these materials and provide a comprehensive reference for researchers in the field. It begins with an introduction to the phy-siological basis of human thermal regulation, followed by a detailed exploration of passive and active thermal management fibers and textiles, discussing their operational principles, advantages and disadvantages in various application scenarios. Finally, from a commercial perspective, the article discusses the future prospects and challenges of wearable thermal management fibers and textiles.
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Advances in Cellulose-based Photonic Crystals
DING Jiantong, SHEN Yang, SONG Kun, ZHANG Lijia, MENG Yunhui, LI Xiaobai, PAN Mengyao, MA Hongwei
Materials Reports
2025,39(1 ):24100081 -9. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24100081
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Cellulose-based photonic crystals are photonic crystals with cellulose and its derivatives as the main constituent materials, and their structures are usually composed of periodically arranged cellulose materials with different refractive indices or complexes of cellulose and other mate-rials, which enable effective control of the propagation characteristics of photons. The advantages of cellulose-based photonic crystals lie in the sustainability, biocompatibility and biodegradability of cellulose materials, which make them have a wide range of potential applications in the fields of biosensing, optical devices and chiral photonics. In recent years, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have attracted much attention in the preparation and application of photonic crystals due to their fine nanostructures, excellent mechanical properties, low expansion coefficients, as well as excellent plasticity and adhesion. However, there is still insufficient discussion on the research progress of other types of cellulose-based photonic crystals. Starting from the types of cellulose-based photonic crystals, this paper first outlines their optical modulation mechanisms and preparation methods, and further clarifies the applications of different types of cellulose-based photonic crystals in sensor devices, optical anti-counterfeiting and other smart materials. It ends with a prospective discussion on the existing problems and future trends.
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Research Progress on All Solid State Electrochromic Devices
ZHANG Wenxia, JIA Yan, CHENG Haifeng, LIU Dongqing
Materials Reports
2025,39(1 ):24100119 -11. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24100119
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Electrochromic devices have the advantages of lightweight, fast response speed, good reusability, and easy preparation of flexible devices. They are widely used in fields such as smart sensors, smart windows, flexible wearable devices, and energy storage devices. Compared to liquid devices that are prone to leakage and have low safety, all solid state electrochromic devices are easy to package and have high safety, making them more versatile for comprehensive applications. This article first introduces the structure of electrochromic devices, provides a detailed overview of the performance and applications of inorganic and organic solid-state electrochromic devices, and compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages between the two devices. Finally, the development and application prospects of all solid state electrochromic devices are discussed from the perspectives of performance bottlenecks, process difficulties, and industrialization.
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Advances in Polarization Detectors Based on Metasurfaces
ZHAO Xiangrui, SUN Feiying, PENG Yang, LOU Taiming, ZHANG Xianning, ZHANG Hongchen, WEI Xingzhan
Materials Reports
2025,39(1 ):24100061 -12. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24100061
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Polarization detection technology is a vital optical sensing method characterized by its strong anti-interference capabilities and its effectiveness in enhancing detection range. It plays a significant role in various fields, including optical remote sensing, environmental monitoring, biomedicine, and underwater imaging. However, traditional polarization detection systems encounter challenges, such as bulky size and complex optical paths, which create substantial obstacles for miniaturization and integration. Metasurfaces, comprised of two-dimensional periodic arrays of artificially subwavelength elements, enable precise manipulation of optical fields according to the polarization states of incident light. This capability effectively reduces the size of polarization detection systems while enhancing device integration, offering innovative solutions for miniaturized polarization detection. This review analyzes the optical field manipulation mechanisms related to polarization detection and summarizes photon and photothermal polarization detectors based on metasurfaces. Additionally, it discusses existing challenges and future trends, aiming to provide valuable insights for further research in this field.
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Principle and Research Progress of Optical Structure of Vanadium Dioxide Intelligent Thermal Control Coating
FAN Haobo, DOU Shuliang, LI Yao
Materials Reports
2025,39(1 ):24100229 -10. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24100229
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The traditional thermal control coating with fixed emissivity is difficult to meet the rapid development of China's aerospace industry, and the VO
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intelligent thermal control coating, with the advantages of passive adaptation and strong designability, has become a hot spot of research at home and abroad. In this paper, based on the phase transition characteristics of VO
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metal-insulator, the optical design methods and research progress of VO
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intelligent thermal control coatings with four structures of F-P resonant cavity, metasurface, photonic crystal and nanocomposite film are reviewed by analyzing the emissivity regulation mechanism of VO
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intelligent thermal control coatings in infrared band. It extracts the key factors affecting the engineering application of VO
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smart thermal control coatings due to the decrease in spatial stability, and looks forward to the future development trends of VO
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smart thermal control coatings.
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A Review of Flexible Materials for Electroresponsive Dynamic Thermal Radiation Regulation
XIE Weirong, ZHOU Han
Materials Reports
2025,39(1 ):24110064 -8. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24110064
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All objects whose temperatures exceed absolute zero emit infrared thermal radiation which relates closely to the objects' emissivities. Due to the constant emissivity, most objects can only present a single thermal function. However, in practical applications, dynamic thermal radiation regulation is of great importance to meet the requirements for different environment and functions. Flexible and electroresponsively emissivity-dynamically-modulatable materials exhibit not only environment-condition-independent high tunability, but also favorable properties such as lightweight, flexibility, and portability, thereby are superior in both usage and storage. This review summarizes the research progress of some typical kinds of flexible and electroresponsively emissivity-dynamically-modulatable materials including conductive polymers, carbon-based materials, and reversibly electrodeposited metals, and outlines the applicative potential of flexible and electroresponsively thermal-radiation-dynamically-regulating devices. The paper ends with a discussion about the challenges and the future trends.
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Research on Preparation and Performance of Adaptive Color-changing Camouflage Coating
WU Falin, DENG Xianming, ZHANG Tiancai, CHENG Yuntao, CHEN Kun, GAO Qin, SUN Kuan
Materials Reports
2025,39(1 ):24080036 -5. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24080036
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In order to effectively improve the demand for rapid integration of equipment with different backgrounds in the field, the adaptive thermochromic camouflage coating was prepared by a screen printing method which is conducive to large-scale production and low cost. By using fluorocarbon resin and acrylic resin to cover color-changing materials, the coating preparation system and preparation process were studied, and the reversible color-changing camouflage coating with application prospect was prepared by testing the properties of color-changing coatings. In this study, the rapid reversible adaptive change of camouflage coating was realized by the joint action of heating auxiliary layer and color-changing coating. The physicochemical properties of the coating were tested by means of colorimeter, universal tensile testing machine, water fastness tester and salt spray tester. The test results show that the thermochromic camouflage coating prepared by polyurethane resin system has a pro-mising application prospect. When the camouflage coating thickness is 0.6 mm, the coating discoloration time is 6—9 seconds. The application of color-changing camouflage coatings in forested and desert environments yields detection rates of 0.51 and 0.56, respectively.
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Novel Photothermal Regulation Technologies for Energy-saving: Active Electrochromism and Passive Radiative Cooling
ZHAO Siming, GUO Zhenyu, HUANG Ya, LAN Fan, ZHAO Zhuojing, LI Run, ZHANG Rufan
Materials Reports
2025,39(1 ):24100008 -18. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24100008
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The development of novel energy-efficient cooling technologies is of significant importance for the realization of effective building thermal management and energy-saving. Radiation is the most ubiquitous mode of heat transfer in nature, where solar and environmental thermal radiation plays a vital role serving as two critical energy vectors. The photothermal regulation could modulate the solar and thermal radiation properties, thus managing the internal temperature of objects. Materials exhibit varied spectral responses to solar and thermal radiations according to the specific demands of different scenarios, which could be categorized into active and passive photothermal control materials. Active photothermal regulation materials are favored for their high tunability and low energy consumption, while passive photothermal regulation materials are recognized for their zero-energy consumption and robust temperature regulation capabilities, both garnering extensive attention from researchers. This article, exemplifying active control and passive control with electrochromic materials and radiative cooling, respectively, focuses on outlining the regulatory principles of these emerging photothermal control technologies. It reviews the development of electrochromic and radiative cooling materials based on spectral design strategies and principles, and further summarizes the existing challenges and future development directions, providing a comprehensive perspective for researchers in the field of building energy saving.
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Research Progress of the Application of Wood-based Photothermal Conversion Functional Materials
DANG Ben, CHEN Zhijun
Materials Reports
2025,39(1 ):24100143 -13. DOI:10.11896/cldb.24100143
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With the development of industry and the consumption of fossil fuels, climate change, energy shortage, environmental pollution and other problems have become increasingly serious. It has become a global development trend to achieve sustainable development by developing green, environmentally friendly and renewable new materials. Photothermal conversion technology, can convert solar energy into heat energy and be used in many fields, has become one of the important methods to solve these crises. Wood is one of the most abundant renewable resources on the earth, and has been widely concerned by researchers because of its abundant reserves, renewable, degradable, simple and easy to obtain. The effective combination of wood and photothermal conversion can improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy and forest resources under the carbon neutralization strategy. This review introduces the mechanism of wood-based photothermal conversion materials, describes the current progress of photothermal conversion technology and wood construction of photothermal conversion materials, and gives a summary on the application of wood-based photothermal conversion materials in water treatment, electricity generation, hydrogen generation, phase change energy storage based on state-of-the-art researches, in order to provide reference and inspiration for related research and promote sustainable deve-lopment.
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