K<sub>2</sub>O-PbO-SiO<sub>2</sub>系古玻璃的复仿制及组成对玻璃结构和性能的影响研究

doi:10.11896/cldb.24120088

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Abstract Glass compositions with varying m(SiO₂)/m(CaO+CaF₂) ratios were designed using potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃), lead tetraoxide (Pb₃O₄), and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) as the primary raw materials, copper oxide (CuO) as the colorant, and calcium fluoride (CaF₂) as the flux. The replica of ancient glass of the K₂O-PbO-SiO₂ system has been successfully realized by the melt-cast molding method. On this basis, the influence of CaF₂ content on the physical phase composition, network structure, microscopic morphology, chromaticity, and microhardness of the ancient glass of this system was investigated under a constant m(SiO₂)/m(CaO+CaF₂) ratio, and the mechanism of the role of CaF₂ in the ancient glass was elucidated. The results show that the replica glass is closest to the ancient glass when the m(SiO₂)/m(CaO+CaF₂) ratio is 4.252. At this case, when the CaF₂ content is less than 6%, CaF₂ acts as a flux, and the glass is transparent and dark blue, and when the CaF₂ content is greater than 6%, the Si-O bond is destroyed, the chemical stability of the glass system decreases, the number of nuc-leation sites increases, and fine CaF₂ crystals are precipitated, and the glass transmittance decreases, at this time the glass is greenish; Its hardness decreases slightly with the increase of CaF₂ content, from 5.0 GPa to 4.25 GPa. Combined with the requirements of excellent light shading property, appearance color, and suitable hardness, the optimal CaF₂ content is 6%. The findings are of great theoretical and practical significance for the scientific knowledge of the K₂O-PbO-SiO₂ system ancient glass and subsequent conservation and restoration.

Key words： K₂O-PbO-SiO₂ reproduction calcium fluoride (CaF₂) ancient glass heritage conservation

Published: 25 December 2025 Online: 2025-12-17

CLC number:

TQ17

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	ZHAO Ting
	ZHAI Jiahao
	ZHU Jianfeng
	QIN Yi

Cite this article:

ZHAO Ting,ZHAI Jiahao,ZHU Jianfeng, et al. Preparation of K₂O-PbO-SiO₂ Ancient Glass and the Effect of Composition on Its Microstructure and Properties[J]. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(24): 24120088-7.

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https://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.24120088 OR https://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2025/V39/I24/24120088

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