| POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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| A Review of the Research and Application of Polycarboxylate Water Reducer |
| ZHANG Derun1,*, TANG Jinbiao1, WANG Lijing2, CAO Qian2, ZHANG Xuan3, Ruben Paul Borg4
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1 School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
2 Hubei Communications Construction Testing Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430077, China
3 Hubei Communications Investment Construction Group Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430070, China
4 Faculty for the Built Environment, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Msida Malta |
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Abstract As the core material of modern civil engineering, cement concrete’s performance improvement and low-carbon transformation place higher demands on water reducer technology. Since the first generation of common water reducers emerged in the 1950s, water reducers have undergone three generations of innovation. Currently, the third generation of high-performance water reducers represented by polycarboxylic acid-based water reducers has become the focus of research due to its high water reduction rate, environmental protection and molecular designability. Despite the superior performance of polycarboxylate superplasticizers, their application still faces multiple challenges. Functions such as dispersion, collapse prevention, and mud resistance involve the synergistic effects of multiple theories such as electrostatic repulsion, steric hindrance, and hydration film lubrication. Existing theories are difficult to explain their macroscopic manifestations in a unified way. Complex working conditions place higher demands on the collapse resistance and mud resistance of water reducers, but conventional molecular design is difficult to meet diverse needs. Due to factors such as cement mineral composition, alkali content, and gypsum type, the adaptability of water reducers varies significantly. Therefore, a systematic solution is urgently needed. This summary systematically reviews the research progress of polycarboxylate water reducers from molecular design to engineering application: the development history of water reducers, the mechanism of dispersion, collapse prevention and mud resistance, the factors affecting compatibility with cement, the synthesis process, classification and evaluation methods, and the key development direction in the future. It should provide important ideas for the performance optimization and green development of polycarboxylate water reducers.
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Published: 25 April 2026
Online: 2026-05-06
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