面向路面径流重金属的生物炭复合滤料制备与净化机理研究

doi:10.11896/cldb.25070056

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Abstract Runoff pollution resulting from road construction, maintenance, and transportation activities poses a threat to the survival and reproduction of aquatic and terrestrial organisms in roadside environments. To improve the purification capacity of road drainage filtration systems for toxic heavy metal pollutants, biochar composite filter media (BCFM) was developed using corn straw biochar, diatomite, syderolife, sodium silicate, and polyurethane. The adsorption characteristics, mechanisms, and purification performance of BCFM were investigated through static and adsorption kinetic experiments, microscopic analyses, and column filtration tests. Results indicate that appropriate proportions of diatomite and syderolife enhance the surface and pore physicochemical properties of BCFM, thereby improving its adsorption capacity for heavy metals. The BCFM with a mass ratio of biochar to diatomite to syderolife of 6∶1∶1 exhibited adsorption rates of 71.20% for Pb, 63.05% for Zn, and 62.38% for Cd. It displayed a rough surface morphology, a highly open porous structure, and an increased presence of oxygen-containing functional groups such as -COOH and -OH. After adsorption of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺, new diffraction peaks were observed. The adsorption of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption, whereas that of Cd²⁺ is mainly controlled by physical adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities for Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cd²⁺ were 5.827 67 mg/g, 4.606 02 mg/g, and 3.821 70 mg/g, respectively. BCFM with graded particle sizes demonstrated superior heavy metal purification efficacy compared to uniformly sized media. Layered configurations based on particle size gradation further improved purification efficiency and operational performance. Based on these findings, a method was proposed for the preparation and structural optimization of BCFM targeting heavy metal pollutants. It contributes to the control of road runoff pollution through improved filtration system materials and structural design.

Key words： road engineering heavy metals biochar composite filter media adsorption characteristics purification mechanism

Published: 10 March 2026 Online: 2026-03-10

CLC number:

U414

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	Articles by authors
	KOU Changjiang
	XU Shuxiang
	HUA Qian
	WU Zhengguang
	KANG Aihong

Cite this article:

KOU Changjiang,XU Shuxiang,HUA Qian, et al. Study on the Preparation and Purification Mechanism of Biochar Composite Filter Media for Heavy Metals in Road Runoff[J]. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(5): 25070056-12.

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https://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.25070056 OR https://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2026/V40/I5/25070056

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