| INORGANIC MATERIALS AND CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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| Applicative Research Progress on Two-dimensional MXene Nanomaterials in Tumor Therapeutics and Diagnostics |
| LIU Yushuang1,2,†, WANG Juan3,†, SHEN Yunan1, PING Yutong1, ZHU Yanhui4, WANG Xin3,*, SUN Zhengming2,*
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1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China;
2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China;
3 Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital; National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatrics and Artificial Intelligence for Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Evaluation and Translation, Beijing 100730, China;
4 Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China |
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Abstract Clinical data indicate that cancer has become the second leading cause of death globally. However, conventional tumor therapeutic and diagnostic technologies still exhibit certain limitations. The development of new materials offers renewed hope in this field. Two-dimensional nanolayered transition metal carbides/nitrides, MXene, demonstrate immense potential in tumor therapeutics and diagnostics due to their rich tunability, high specific surface area, excellent photothermal conversion efficiency, and favorable biocompatibility. This article systematically reviews the biosafety of MXene and the research progress in tumor therapeutics and diagnostics. Regarding biosafety, the chemical stability of MXene is significantly influenced by factors such as structural defects, functional groups, and environmental conditions. Nevertheless, it can be improved through surface modification, stabilizers, and compositing. Within biological systems, MXene are primarily degraded in the lysosomes of hepatic Kupffer cells and excreted via feces. Through modification, MXene can be endowed with excellent biocompatibility and low toxicity. In tumor therapeutics, MXene serve as contrast agents for imaging techniques including fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, X-ray computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. They also function in drug delivery systems, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and synergistic therapy. Furthermore, MXene-modified implants can inhibit postoperative tumor recurrence and promote bone regeneration.
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Published: 10 March 2026
Online: 2026-03-10
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2026, Vol. 40 
