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材料导报  2025, Vol. 39 Issue (24): 24110007-10    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24110007
  高分子与聚合物基复合材料 |
环境材料去除水中硝酸盐的研究进展
王丽娜1, 王珍1,*, 张峰举1, 陈利荣1, 张承焱2
1 宁夏大学生态环境学院,银川 750021
2 宁夏大学化学化工学院,银川 750021
Research Progress on the Removal of Nitrate from Water by Environmental Materials
WANG Lina1, WANG Zhen1,*, ZHANG Fengju1, CHEN Lirong1, ZHANG Chengyan2
1 College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
2 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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摘要 水体中的硝酸盐污染问题威胁着人类健康和生态系统安全,一直备受全球关注。离子交换法、膜技术、电化学还原、金属还原、生物反硝化等方法已经广泛用于解决水体中的硝酸盐污染问题。在各项技术应用过程中,环境材料扮演着重要角色,本文综述了反渗透膜、离子交换膜、吸附材料、离子交换树脂、电极、金属纳米材料、催化剂以及电子供体材料等环境材料。首先概括介绍各类方法去除硝酸盐的作用机理以及影响因素,通过归纳总结各类方法中代表性环境材料的应用,进而探讨了提高硝酸盐脱除效率的材料改进方法,重点阐述了各改性材料在去除硝酸盐中展示出的优异性能、增效机理以及提高硝酸盐脱除效率的关键因素。最后,对四大类方法中的功能材料进行总结对比分析,并针对环境材料解决硝酸盐污染存在的问题(如吸附选择性低、难以控制产物选择性、二次污染、催化剂易失活等)以及未来的研究方向进行了思考和展望,旨在为水体中硝酸盐污染修复提供参考。
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王丽娜
王珍
张峰举
陈利荣
张承焱
关键词:  环境材料  硝酸盐  水污染  水处理技术    
Abstract: Nitrate pollution in water bodies has been a global concern, threatening human health and ecosystem security. Ion exchange, membrane technology, electrochemical reduction, metal reduction, biological denitrification, and other methods have been widely used to address nitrate pollution in water bodies. In the application of each technology, environmental materials play a crucial role. The materials reviewed in this summary included reverse osmosis membranes, ion exchange membranes, adsorbent materials, ion exchange resins, electrodes, metal nanomaterials, catalysts, and electron donor materials, among others. Firstly, the mechanisms and influencing factors of nitrate removal in various methods were introduced. The application of representative environmental materials in these methods was summarized, with an emphasis on the role of each modified material in nitrate removal and how material improvements enhance efficiency. The excellent performance of each modified material in nitrate removal was described, along with the mechanisms of efficiency enhancement and the key factors for improving nitrate removal efficiency. Finally, the functional materials used in the four categories of methods were summarized, compared, and analyzed. The challenges associated with environmental materials for nitrate pollution remediation, such as low adsorption selectivity, difficulty in controlling product selecti-vity, secondary pollution, and catalyst deactivation were also discussed. Future research directions were proposed to provide references for the remediation of nitrate pollution in water bodies.
Key words:  environmental material    nitrate    water pollution    water treatment technology
出版日期:  2025-12-25      发布日期:  2025-12-17
ZTFLH:  X523  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(52360029);宁夏自然科学基金(2023AAC03111)
通讯作者:  *王珍,博士,宁夏大学生态环境学院副教授、硕士研究生导师。目前主要从事环境污染修复方面的研究。wz305nd@nxu.edu.cn   
作者简介:  王丽娜,宁夏大学生态环境学院硕士研究生,在王珍副教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要从事生物炭负载纳米零价铁对盐碱地下水中硝酸盐的去除研究。
引用本文:    
王丽娜, 王珍, 张峰举, 陈利荣, 张承焱. 环境材料去除水中硝酸盐的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(24): 24110007-10.
WANG Lina, WANG Zhen, ZHANG Fengju, CHEN Lirong, ZHANG Chengyan. Research Progress on the Removal of Nitrate from Water by Environmental Materials. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(24): 24110007-10.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24110007  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2025/V39/I24/24110007
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