辐射制冷无规散射结构非球形散射体的结构优化与设计准则

doi:10.11896/cldb.25060003

材料导报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (5): 25060003-8 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25060003

无机非金属及其复合材料

辐射制冷无规散射结构非球形散射体的结构优化与设计准则

杨旺霖, 潘静怡, 李鸿超, 公昊, 周啸, 王忠阳, 范同祥^*

上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院,金属基复合材料全国重点实验室,上海 200240

Optimization and Design Principles of Non-spherical Scatterers Used as Random Scattering Structures for Radiative Cooling

YANG Wanglin, PAN Jingyi, LI Hongchao, GONG Hao, ZHOU Xiao, WANG Zhongyang, FAN Tongxiang^*

State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

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摘要辐射制冷材料通过对太阳辐射的高反射和红外波段的高发射,实现无能耗降温,具有显著的节能环保优势。太阳波段的高反射率依赖于材料本身及其结构形式,目前常用的无规散射结构多采用球形颗粒,通过Mie散射效应增强光反射。然而,球形颗粒存在后向散射能力弱、高体积分数下散射效率提升受限等问题,严重制约了无规散射结构的性能提升与推广应用。本工作通过离散偶极子近似方法系统研究了多种非球形散射体的散射特性,结果表明,金字塔形和圆锥形结构具有优异的后向散射能力,而圆柱和长方体结构在太阳波段具备更高的散射效率。基于体积散射截面与不对称因子,提出了一种综合评价参数,用以优化非球形散射体的设计。本工作为开发高效的辐射制冷无规散射结构提供了重要的创新策略。

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关键词: 辐射制冷无规散射结构非球形散射体太阳反射率离散偶极子近似

Abstract: Radiative cooling materials achieve passive cooling by strongly reflecting solar radiation and efficiently emitting thermal radiation in the infrared range, offering notable advantages in energy saving and environmental protection. Achieving high reflectivity in the solar spectrum critically depends on both the material selection and structural design. Currently, random scattering structures commonly utilize spherical particles to enhance reflectivity via the Mie scattering effect. However, spherical particles suffer from weak backscattering and limited enhancement in scattering efficiency at high volume fractions, which significantly constrains the performance improvement and practical implementation of random scattering structures. This work systematically investigates the optical scattering characteristics of various non-spherical particles using the discrete dipole approximation method. The results show that pyramidal and conical particles exhibit superior backward scattering performance, while cylindrical and cuboidal structures demonstrate higher scattering efficiency across the solar spectrum. Based on the volume scattering cross section and asymmetry factor, a comprehensive evaluation parameter is proposed to optimize the design of non-spherical scatterers. These findings provide an important innovative strategy for the development of efficient random scattering structures for radiative cooling.

Key words: radiative cooling random scattering structure non-spherical scatterer solar reflectivity discrete dipole approximation

出版日期: 2026-03-10 发布日期: 2026-03-10

ZTFLH:

TB34

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(U23A20565);上海市教育委员会科研创新项目(2023ZKZD15);上海市科学技术委员会项目(22511100400)

通讯作者: ^*范同祥,博士,上海交通大学特聘教授、博士研究生导师。主要从事功能金属基复合材料、智能超材料与超结构方面的研究。txfan@sjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 杨旺霖,上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院硕士研究生,在范同祥教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要从事辐射制冷无规散射结构散射性能与辐射传输性能方面的研究。

引用本文:

杨旺霖, 潘静怡, 李鸿超, 公昊, 周啸, 王忠阳, 范同祥. 辐射制冷无规散射结构非球形散射体的结构优化与设计准则[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(5): 25060003-8.
YANG Wanglin, PAN Jingyi, LI Hongchao, GONG Hao, ZHOU Xiao, WANG Zhongyang, FAN Tongxiang. Optimization and Design Principles of Non-spherical Scatterers Used as Random Scattering Structures for Radiative Cooling. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(5): 25060003-8.

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https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25060003 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I5/25060003

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