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材料导报  2026, Vol. 40 Issue (7): 25010149-14    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25010149
  无机非金属及其复合材料 |
硅酸锆的研究现状与展望
王德腾1,2, 杨会永1,2,*, 于海江1,2, 王麓焱1,2, 王连毅3, 罗瑞盈1,2, 黄军同1,2
1 南昌航空大学轻量化复合材料江西省重点实验室,南昌 330063
2 南昌航空大学材料科学与工程学院,南昌 330063
3 北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院,北京 100191
Research Status and Prospective of Zirconium Silicate
WANG Deteng1,2, YANG Huiyong1,2,*, YU Haijiang1,2, WANG Luyan1,2, WANG Lianyi3, LUO Ruiying1,2, HUANG Juntong1,2
1 Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite Materials, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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摘要 硅酸锆(ZrSiO4)作为地球最古老的矿物之一,凭借其优异的高温稳定性、化学惰性、低热膨胀系数及抗辐射能力,在耐火材料、核废料固化及陶瓷釉料等领域广泛应用。近年来,随着材料科学与工程技术的突破,ZrSiO4的合成方法、结构调控及功能拓展研究取得显著进展。传统固相合成法因工艺简单仍占据主导地位,而溶胶-凝胶法、水热法和机械化学法等新兴技术通过精准调控晶粒尺寸与形貌,成为研究热点。通过稀土元素或过渡金属掺杂结合纳米化处理,可显著提升其离子交换能力、机械强度及光催化、荧光等功能特性。此外,ZrSiO4在核废料锕系元素固化及航天热防护涂层等极端环境下的稳定性研究备受关注。本文系统综述了ZrSiO4的晶体结构、热膨胀系数、热分解温度、相稳定性及耐辐射性能等关键物理化学性质,对比分析了固相法、溶胶-凝胶法等主流合成技术的优缺点,重点探讨了ZrSiO4在掺杂改性、高性能陶瓷釉料、抗氧化涂层、高温结构陶瓷及核废料固化等领域的应用进展,揭示了掺杂剂类型与微观结构对功能特性的调控机制,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。
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王德腾
杨会永
于海江
王麓焱
王连毅
罗瑞盈
黄军同
关键词:  硅酸锆  合成方法  掺杂改性  陶瓷釉料  核废料固化    
Abstract: Zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4), as one of the oldest minerals on Earth, has been widely utilized in refractory materials, nuclear waste immobilization, and ceramic glazes due to its exceptional high-temperature stability, chemical inertness, low thermal expansion coefficient, and radiation resistance. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the synthesis methods, structural regulation, and functional expansion of zircon, driven by breakthroughs in materials science and engineering technology. The conventional solid-state synthesis method still dominates due to its simplicity, while emerging techniques such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, and mechanochemical methods have become research hotspots by enabling precise control over grain size and morphology. Doping with rare earth elements or transition metals, combined with nanoparticle processing, can significantly enhance its ion exchange capacity, mechanical strength, as well as photocatalytic, fluorescence, and other functional properties. Additionally, its stability research in extreme environments, such as the immobilization of actinide elements in nuclear waste and aerospace thermal protection coatings, has attracted significant attention. This paper systematically reviews the key physicochemical properties of ZrSiO4, such as its crystal structure, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal decomposition temperature, phase stability and radiation resistance, and comparatively analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of mainstream synthesis techniques such as solid-phase method and sol-gel method. The focus is on the application progress of doped zircon in areas such as doping modification, high-performance ceramic glazes, antioxidant coa-tings, high-temperature structural ceramics, and nuclear waste immobilization. The study reveals the regulatory mechanisms of dopant types and microstructures on functional properties and offers an outlook on future development trends.
Key words:  zirconium silicate    synthesis method    doping modification    ceramic glaze    nuclear waste immobilization
发布日期:  2026-04-16
ZTFLH:  TQ343  
基金资助: 江西省自然科学基金(20232BAB204019)
通讯作者:  *杨会永,博士,南昌航空大学材料科学与工程学院讲师,研究方向为陶瓷基复合材料。yanghuiyong2006@126.com   
作者简介:  王德腾,南昌航空大学材料科学与工程学院硕士研究生,在罗瑞盈教授、杨会永博士的指导下进行陶瓷基复合材料环境障涂层的研究。
引用本文:    
王德腾, 杨会永, 于海江, 王麓焱, 王连毅, 罗瑞盈, 黄军同. 硅酸锆的研究现状与展望[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(7): 25010149-14.
WANG Deteng, YANG Huiyong, YU Haijiang, WANG Luyan, WANG Lianyi, LUO Ruiying, HUANG Juntong. Research Status and Prospective of Zirconium Silicate. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(7): 25010149-14.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25010149  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I7/25010149
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