多孔氮化硅陶瓷的研究进展及构效关系中的矛盾平衡

doi:10.11896/cldb.19010034

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Abstract Porous Si₃N₄ ceramics (Si₃N₄-PC) have a promising application prospect in the broadband wave-transparent materials, fluid filter, catalyst carrier, composite and even tissue engineering. In recent years, researches are dedicated to develop preparing methods of Si₃N₄-PC in order to promote the porosity and optimize the pore morphology, thereby improve the application properties such as permeability and specific surface area. Generally, the porosity of Si₃N₄-PC prepared by partial sintering is only 40% while that by template replication and direct foaming are higher than 70%. However, the latter two methods produce poor mechanical properties to low compressive strength level of 10 MPa. Controlling the sintering process, raw materials and sintering additives can produce massive fibers and columnar microstructures, which enhance the Si₃N₄-PC to gain high bending strength of 100 MPa. However, this leads to negative effect on porosity which is as low as 55%. In addition, some researches give consideration to both porosity and mechanical properties via coupling pore structure prepared by combining the extrusion and sacrificial template with varied sintering process. Nevertheless, the effect is not satisfactory.
The preparing methods, pore structures and properties data in current researches of Si₃N₄-PC as well as the relationship among them need to be classified and summarized. The improvement of comprehensive performance of current Si₃N₄-PC encounter bottleneck. In essence, the poro-sity and pore morphology determine application properties such as the permeability of Si₃N₄-PC. The pore wall is the load-bearer and its microstructure is the deci-sive factor of mechanical properties and also of great significance on core indicators such as specific surface area. The species of raw materials and sintering process are substance and control mechanism of pore wall microstructures.
This review analyzes current researches about the preparations and applications of Si₃N₄-PC and classifies its preparations methods as two categories, i.e. producing pores via sintering and introducing pores via shaping. The former includes partial sintering, phase transformation sintering, reaction sintering and carbothermal reduction nitriding, while the later includes extrusion, direct foaming, template replication, sacrificial template, etc. These characteristics and disadvantages of Si₃N₄-PC prepared by these methods are discussed. The level of properties, such as strength and porosity, of current Si₃N₄-PC is marked out via data collection from references. Therein, the structure-performance relationships, such as strength-porosity and pore diameter-specific surface area, are in contradictory equilibrium, resulting in bottleneck of the comprehensive properties. It is hard to address the comprehensive properties of Si₃N₄-PC on the basis of raw particulate materials and corresponding process. If the newly developed Si₃N₄ whiskers and fibers as well as new processes are adopted, there are chances to build up the pore structures of Si₃N₄-PC via starting materials. So, the properties of Si₃N₄-PC could be promoted to a higher level and fit for high value applications such as radome of anti-radar missiles and membrane materials.

Key words： porous silicon nitride ceramics structure-performance relationship contradictory equilibrium porosity-strength pore diameter-specific surface area

Published: 27 April 2020

CLC number:

TQ174

Fund:This work was financially supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province (2018GY-113), Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory for Advanced Refractory (201804), the Young Doctoral Research Foundation in College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology.

About author:: Rongrong Ma, pos-graduate master students, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology. Her research focuses on the preparation and performance of porous silicon nitride ceramics.
Dian Zhang, lecturer, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology. He obtained his master of engineering in materials science from Northwestern Polytechnical University at 2006 and doctor of philosophy in physics from Beihang University at 2015. His research interest is nano and micro structures, crystals, ceramics and composites of nitride materials.
Yijun Liu, Ph. D., professorate senior engineer, doctoral supervisor, special government allowances experts of the State Council. He has 53 invention patents and published 18 papers, 2 first prizes for scientific and technological progress of China Light Industry Federation, 2 first prizes for scientific and technological progress of China Building Materials Federation, and 3 second prizes for scientific and technological progress of Guangdong Province.

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Cite this article:

MA Rongrong,ZHANG Dian,LIU Yijun, et al. Research Progress and Contradictory Equilibrium of Structure-Performance Relationship of Porous Silicon Nitride Ceramics[J]. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(9): 9101-9109.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.19010034 OR http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2020/V34/I9/9101

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