| METALS AND METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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| A Brief Survey on the Fe-Cr-C Hard Facing Alloys and Its Hard Phases |
| YU Runzhen1, 2, LIU Shengxin1, WANG Pengxu1, 2, HUANG Zhiquan2, WEI Jianjun2
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1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001;
2 Department of Special Welding Materials, Limited Company of Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Zhengzhou 450001 |
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Abstract Hard facing alloy layers with high wear-resistance can repair and strengthen the surface of worn workpiece, which is prepared at failure position through cladding and spraying technology usually. This method is not only economical and convenient, but also can improve the service life of workpiece effectively. In surface repairing process, it is extremely important for selecting the composition of hard facing alloy. Fe-Cr-C hard facing alloy, is one of the typical Fe-based surface-repair materials, which has been widely used in the surface repairing and strengthening of diverse engineering and mining wear-parts. Compared to other hard facing alloy with different composition, Fe-Cr-C exhibit several notable advantages including low cost, excellent and balanced strength, toughness, wear-resistance, wide adjustable range of performance, which can satisfy the surface repairing and strengthening of a variety of wear conditions.
Regarding the traditional Fe-Cr-C hard facing alloys, the acquisition of certain wear resistance relies on the formation of several high-hardness phases like M3C, M23C6, M7C3, and high carbon martensite during solidification. However, in actual wear conditions, there are abrasives like SiC and Al2O3 which show higher hardness than the alloys. More importantly, with the emergence of a variety of new and high technologies in recent years, the transformation and upgrading of a large number of mechanical equipment specifications have become an irresistible trend, which makes various wear-resistant parts to confront more severe service conditions. Therefore, the wear resistance of Fe-Cr-C hard facing alloys needs to be further improved.
In order to solve this problem, most of the researches at home and abroad focus on the control of alloy microstructure, especially the introduction of hard phases and the improvement of their size and morphology. A series of considerable research achievements have been obtained. In the aspect of hard phase introduction, two methods, in-situ synthesis and external addition, are proposed. Through the method of in-situ synthesis, not only can high thermodynamically stable ceramic hard phases be obtained in the molten pool reaction, but the microstructure of alloys can also be strengthened. However, due to the short residence time in molten pool with high temperature, some hard phases with high melting point are difficult to produce. This problem can be effectively solved by the method of external addition, nevertheless, it is necessary to pay attention to the dissolution of hard phases and poor stability of the interface between hard phases and matrix. In the aspect of morphological control of hard phases, the effects of alloy composition and cladding technologies on the volume fraction, size morphology and growth direction of hard phases are explored by many scho-lars. For the alloy composition, adjusting the Cr/C value or increasing the C content contribute to the volume fraction improvement of carbides, and the addition of appropriate amounts of alloying elements can also refine the hard phase by heterogeneous nucleation. In terms of cladding process, improving the cooling rate after welding can inhibit the diffusion of C atoms in the early stage of solidification, which endows the primary M7C3 carbides with a fine and highly-dense appearance. Controlling the direction of thermal gradient after welding can also make M7C3 grow perpendicular to the surface of hard facing alloys. Besides, introducing a magnetic field into molten pool can also induce the separation of primary dendritic arms in liquid metal to increase the number of carbide nucleation cores, thereby playing a role in refinement.
Based on the latest research progress, this article offers a retrospection of the research efforts with respect to the regulation of hard phases in Fe-Cr-C hard facing alloys. The solidification behavior and microstructure of Fe-Cr-C alloys are presented firstly. Then the introduction of hard phase and the means of morphology regulation are reviewed with emphasis. Finally, the development trends of Fe-Cr-C hard facing alloys are proposed and the potential research directions about the hard phases are drawn up in order to provide references for further improving the wear resistance of Fe-Cr-C hard facing alloys.
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Published: 21 November 2018
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2018, Vol. 32 
