MATERIALS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR CLEAN ENERGY UTILIZATION |
|
|
|
|
|
Synthesizing and Modifying Carbon-based Nanomaterials by Plasma Techniques |
SONG Ye1,2, MIAO Yuanling1, MENG Yuedong1, WANG Qi1,2
|
1 Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials,Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031; 2 School of Physical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049 |
|
|
Abstract The research upon carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, has nowadays been extended from their properties to the construction, characteristics and application of carbon nanomaterial derivatives and carbon-based nanocomposites owing to carbon nanomaterials’ ultra-high conductivity, favorable mechanical strength and high specific surface area. Hence the methodology for obtaining and modifying carbon-based nanomaterials has drawn widening attention in recent years. The traditional synthesis methods, mainly including chemical synthesis and electrochemical synthesis, are limited by their deficiencies of complicated procedure and easy contamination by impurity elements. As a kind of newly developed synthesis methods of nanomate-rials, plasma-assisted techniques have been preliminarily found to be satisfactory for synthesis and modification of carbon-based nanomaterials. The research directions of plasma-assisted synthesis and modification of carbon-based nanomaterials include the following aspects. Ⅰ.Enhance plasma stability and efficiency by improving the plasma source to make it adaptable for carbon-based nanomate-rials. Ⅱ.Elevate physical and chemical properties of carbon-based nanomaterials by composing with various hetero-substances. Ⅲ.Expand the appliance of carbon-based nanomaterials in environmental protection and other fields. Plasma techniques enjoy the advantages such as low impurity introduction, high catalytic activity of product and shorter reaction time consumption compared with the traditional synthesis methods of carbon nanomaterials. An exemplary plasma source for plasma-assisted techniques is inductively coupled plasma source with low power and low pressure. It causes little damage, and can implement oxidation or reduction of carbon-based nanomaterials, and in consequence, both removal of negative groups and integration with positive groups, which result in extraordinarily promoted water solubility and adsorptivity. The direct current plasma source can discharge steadily under atmospheric pressure, and can help to effectively control the growth orientation and to obtain carbon nanopillars or vertical graphene with particular characteristics by adjusting discharge power and gas source flow rate. Electron cyclotron resonance plasma source has good stability and can virtually ensure exemption of carbon nanomaterials from impurity contamination, thereby applicable for the manufacture of high-precision electronic components. By adopting these improved plasma sources, we can incorporate metals or organic macromolecular groups into carbon nanomaterials to fabricate derivatives with enhanced performance of pollutants removal from sewage water. Moreover, the plasma techniques can also realize the combination of platinum nanoparticles and carbon nanomaterials, and can achieve fine distribution of Pt. This will impart CO-poisoning resistance to Pt nanoparticles, and enable the usage as high-performance catalysts of fuel cells. Additionally, the pollutant-monitoring sensors can be improved by adopting highly sensitive and high-strength carbon-based nanomaterials which can be prepared by plasma-assisted modification. This paper provides a profound insight to the adoption of plasma techniques in synthesis and modification of carbon nanomate-rials (and derivatives) and carbon-based nanocomposites. It also gives a summary description of the trial applications of these plasma-synthesized or plasma-treated carbon-based nanomaterials to environment protection, fuel cell catalysts and sensors.
|
Published: 18 October 2018
|
|
|
|
1 Wang Q, Wang X, Chai Z, et al. Low-temperature plasma synthesis of carbon nanotubes and graphene based materials and their fuel cell applications[J].Chemical Society Reviews,2013,42(23):8821. 2 Zhao W H, Tian K, Liu D, et al. Fluctuation phenomenon analysis of an arc plasma spraying jet[J].Chinese Physics Letters,2010,18(8):1092. 3 Ni G, Meng Y, Cheng C, et al. Characteristics of a novel water plasma torch[J].Chinese Physics Letters,2010,27(5):055203. 4 Kuok Fei-Hong, Kan Ken-Yuan, Yu Ing-Song, et al. Application of atmospheric-pressure plasma jet processed carbon nanotubes to liquid and quasi-solid-state gel electrolyte supercapacitors[J].Applied Surface Science,2017,425:321. 5 Brenner I B, Zander A T. Axially and radially viewed inductively coupled plasmas a critical review[J].Spectrochimica Acta B,2000,55(8):1195. 6 Ren X, Shao D, Zhao G, et al. Plasma induced multiwalled carbon nanotube grafted with 2-vinylpyridine for preconcentration of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions[J].Plasma Processes & Polymers,2011,8(7):589. 7 Chen C, Liang B, Lu D, et al. Amino group introduction onto multiwall carbon nanotubes by NH3/Ar plasma treatment[J].Carbon,2010,48(4):939. 8 Iijima S. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon[J].Nature,1991,354(6348):56. 9 Shao D, Jiang Z, Wang X, et al. Plasma induced grafting carboxy-methyl cellulose on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the removal of UO22+ from aqueous solution[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2008,113(4):860. 10 Shao D, Ren X, Hu J, et al.Preconcentration of Pb2+ from aqueous solution using poly(acrylamide) and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes[J].Colloid Surface A,2010,360(1-3):74. 11 Song Y, Wang Q, Meng Y. Plasma syntheses of carbon nanotube-supported Pt-Pd nanoparticles[J].Plasma Science & Technology,2016,18(4):438. 12 Wang Q, Song M, Chen C, et al. Plasma synthesis of surface-functionalized graphene-based platinum nanoparticles: Highlyactive electrocatalysts as electrodes for direct methanol fuel cells[J].ChemPlusChem,2012,77(6):432. 13 Zhao G, Shao D, Chen C, et al. Synthesis of few-layered graphene by H2O2 plasma etching of graphite[J].Applied Physics Letters,2011,98(18):183114. 14 Wang X, Dai H. Etching and narrowing of graphene from the edges[J].Nature Chemistry,2010,2(8):661. 15 Helland A, Wick P, Koehler A, et al. Reviewing the environmental and human health knowledge base of carbon nanotubes[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2007,115(8):1125. 16 Farid Muhammad Usman, Luan Hong-Yon,Wang Yifei. Increased adsorption of aqueous zinc species by Ar/O2 plasma-treated carbon nanotubes immobilized in hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membrane[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,325:239. 17 Shao D, Hu J, Wang X, et al. Removal of 4,4′-dichlorinated biphenyl from aqueous solution using methyl methacrylate grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes[J].Chemosphere,2011,82(5):751. 18 Shao D, Hu J, Wang X. Plasma induced grafting multiwalled carbon nanotube with chitosan and its application for removal of UO22+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions[J].Plasma Processes & Polymers,2010,7(12):977. 19 Shao D, Jiang Z, Wang X. SDBS modified XC-72 carbon for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions[J].Plasma Processes & Polymers,2010,7(7):552. 20 Yang S, Hu J, Chen C, et al. Mutual effects of Pb(Ⅱ) and humic acid adsorption on multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyacrylamide composites from aqueous solutions[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2011,45(8):3621. 21 Shao D, Chen C, Wang X, et al. Application of polyaniline and multiwalled carbon nanotube magnetic composites for removal of Pb(Ⅱ)[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,185:114. 22 Wang Q, Chen L, Sun Y, et al. Removal of radiocobalt from aqueous solution by oxidized MWCNT[J].Journal of Radioanalytical & Nuclear Chemistry,2012,291(3):787. 23 Hu J, Shao D, Chen C, et al. Plasma-induced grafting of cyclodextrin onto multiwall carbon nanotube/iron oxides for adsorbent application[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2010,114(20):6779. 24 Shao D, Hu J, Chen C, et al. Polyaniline multiwalled carbon nanotube magnetic composite prepared by plasma-induced graft technique and its application for removal of aniline and phenol[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2010,114(49):21524 25 Li J,Chen C, Wang X, et al. Nanoscale zero-valent iron particles supported on reduced graphene oxides by using a plasma technique and their application for removal of heavy-metal ions[J].Chemistry an Asian Journal,2015,10(6):1410. 26 Wang Q, Li J, Song Y, et al. Facile synthesis of high-quality plasma-reduced graphene oxide with ultrahigh 4,4′-dichlorobiphenyl adsorption capacity[J].Chemistry an Asian Journal,2013,89(1),225. 27 Shao D, Sheng G, Chen C, et al. Removal of polychlorinated biphenyls from aqueous solutions using beta-cyclodextrin grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes[J].Chemosphere,2010,79(7):679. 28 Hu J, Shao D, Chen C, et al. Removal of 1-naphthylamine from aqueous solution by multiwall carbon nanotubes/iron oxides/cyclodextrin composite[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,185(1):463. 29 Shao D, Hu J, Wang X, et al. Plasma induced grafting multiwall carbon nanotubes with chitosan for 4,4′-dichlorobiphenyl removal from aqueous solution[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,170(2-3):498. 30 Hosseini Seyed Iman, Farrokhi Naser, Shokri Khadijeh, et al. Cold low pressure O2 plasma treatment of Crocus sativus: An efficient way to eliminate toxicogenic fungi with minor effect on molecular and cellular properties of saffron[J].Food Chemistry,2018,257:310. 31 Kim Ji Hyeon, Min Sea C. Moisture vaporization-combined helium dielectric barrier discharge-cold plasma treatment for microbial decontamination of onion flakes[J].Food Control,2018,84:321. 32 Timmons Chris, Pai Kedar, Jacob Jamey, et al. Inactivation of Salmonella enterica, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and Listeriamonocytogenes by a novel surface discharge cold plasma design[J].Food Control,2018,84:455. 33 Guo C, Xu N, Zhang Y, et al. One-step growth of graphene-carbon nanotube trees on 4 ″ substrate and characteristics ofsingle individual tree[J].Carbon,2017,125:189. 34 Wu Angjian, Li Xiaodong, Yang Jian, et al. Upcycling waste lard oil into vertical graphene sheets by inductively coupled plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition[J].Nanomaterials,7(10):318. 35 Chen P C, Jing S Y, Chu Y H, et al. Improved fracture toughness of CNTs/SiC composites by HF treatment[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2018,730:42. 36 Farid Muhammad Usman, Luan Hong-Yon, Wang Yifei, et al. Increased adsorption of aqueous zinc species by Ar/O2- plasma-treated carbon nanotubes immobilized in hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membrane[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,325:239. 37 Chang Q X, Zhao H J, He R Q. The mechanical properties of plasma-treated carbon fiber reinforced PA6 composites with CNT[J].Surface and Interface Analysis,2017,49(12):1244. 38 Li R H, Li K Q, Tian H Y, et al. Mechanical properties of plasma-treated carbon fiber reinforced PTFE composites with CNT[J].Surface and Interface Analysis,2017,49(11):1064. 39 Shin Dong-Wook, Kim Tae Sung, Yoo Ji-Beom. Phosphorus doped graphene by inductively coupled plasma and triphenylphosphine treatments[J].Materials Research Bulletin,2016,82:71. 40 Raut Suyog A, Mutadak Pallavi R, Kumar Shiv, et al. Single step, phase controlled, large scale synthesis of ferrimagnetic iron oxide polymorph nanoparticles by thermal plasma route and their rheological properties[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2018,449:232. 41 Liu H X, Wang C B, Wu L, et al. Effect of Ho-doping on structu-ral, electrical and magnetic properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 ceramics prepared by plasma-activated sintering[J].Journal of Materials Science,2018,53(4):2375. 42 Wang Q, Song M, Chen C, et al. Synthesis of graphene-based Pt nanoparticles by a one-step in situ plasma approach under mild conditions[J].Applied Physics Letters,2012,101(3):033103. 43 Zhang C, Hu J, Wang X, et al. High performance of carbon nanowall supported Pt catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation[J].Carbon,2012,50(10):3731. 44 Sharma Pratibha, Kumar Ashok, Sahu Vinita. Theoretical evaluation of global and local electrophilicity patterns to characterize hetero-diels-alder cycloaddition of three-membered 2H-azirine ring system[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2010,114(2):1032. 45 Zhang S, Niu H, Lan Y, et al. Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles on plasma-treated carbon nanotubes and its application in photoanodes of dye-sensitized solar cells[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2011,115(44):22025. 46 Khan Saeed Ahmed, Gao Min, Zhu Yuechang, et al. MWCNTs based flexible and stretchable strain sensors[J].Journal of Semiconductors,2017,38(5):053003-1. 47 Lourencao Bruna C, Pinheiro Romario A, Silva Tiago A, et al. Porous boron-doped diamond/CNT electrode as electrochemical sensor for flow-injection analysis applications[J].Diamond and Related Materials,2017,74:182. 48 Cui J, Zhang B, Duan J, et al. Flexible pressure sensor with Ag wrinkled electrodes based on PDMS substrate[J].Sensors,2016,16(12):2131. 49 Kim Min-Ki, Kim Myoung-Soo, Kwon Hong-Bum, et al. Wearable triboelectric nanogenerator using a plasma-etched PDMS-CNT composite for a physicalactivity sensor[J].RSC Advances,2017,7(76):48368. 50 Bo Z, Yuan M, Mao S, et al. Decoration of vertical graphene with tin dioxide nanoparticles for highly sensitive room temperature forma-ldehyde sensing[J].Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical,2018,256:1011. |
|
|
|