METALS AND METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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Surface Interface Regulation of Nickel-based Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Urea Oxidation |
XIANG Yang, XIONG Kun*, ZHANG Haidong, CHEN Jia, YU Linjian
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Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China |
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Abstract Electrochemically splitting water into hydrogen by renewable energy production is considered as one of the most promising candidates for building “hydrogen cycle”, alleviating energy crisis and sloving environmental problems. However, it is greatly restrained the overall efficiency of hydrogen production by the high overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and slow reaction kinetics in the traditional water electrolysis. In comparison with OER, urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is an easy process which not only consumes much less energy from hydrogen production, but also degrades urea-rich wastewater. Thus, it is an environmentally friendly technology for hydrogen production from urea electrolysis, which has attracted much attention in recent years. Significant efforts have been made to explore high-effective catalysts due to the UOR with complex process and slow 6e- transfer rate. To improve the UOR performance of Ni-based electrocatalysts, some researchers have devoted to increasing the active sites for electrocatalytic oxidation of urea by controlling the size and morphology of Ni-based catalysts. The surface electron structure can also be changed by incorporation of defect vacancy and unsaturated active site, which is beneficial for UOR. In addition, doping heteroatom is conducive to regulate the electron structure of the catalyst, which can not only change its electrical conductivity, but also induce the conversion of crystal phase or crystal face to improve the intrinsic activity of the catalyst. In recent years, some studies have been dedicated to developing composite catalysts with heterogeneous junction, forming synergistic effect of heterogeneous interface and active phase, which can change the adsorption/desorption of the reactants and promote the electron transfer and electrical conductivity, resulting in enhancing the electrocatalytic UOR performance of Ni-based catalysts. Herein, the design concept and research status of nickel-based UOR catalysts were summarized in recent years, especially in the mechanism of promoting UOR on the Ni-based catalysts through regulating morphology and microstructure, defect engineering, doping modification, and heterojunction. The influence on the electrochemical properties and reaction mechanism of UOR and the synthesis method and structure of Ni-based catalysts were also reviewed. Furthermore, in view of the lack of understanding of the relationships of defect-structure-performance, the research direction of rational design of defective nickel-based catalysts was proposed to shed light on further development of urea electrolysis.
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Published:
Online: 2022-05-24
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Fund:National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078032), Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0345), Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJZD-M202100802), Innovative Group of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (CXQT21023) and Postgraduate Supervisor Group of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (yds183007). |
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