4D打印技术:工艺、材料及应用

doi:10.11896/cldb.20030128

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Abstract Since the 1980s, the idea of 3D printing has set off a research upsurge. Due to its advantages of material efficiency, excellent surface resolution and high efficiency in one-step production, 3D printing has been widely used in biomedical, electronics, self-healing technology, engineering applications and bionics fields. However, 3D printing technology also has some shortages, it cannot control the addition technology to produce complex structure or suppress the size change and anisotropy behavior of strain control. In order to overcome the complexity and inflexibility of printing size, people introduced the concept of 4D printing. 4D printing is an interdisciplinary research based on intelligent materials, 3D printers and design. Compared with the static structure produced by 3D printing, 4D printing contains a dynamic structure which means 4D allows 3D printed structures to respond to external stimuli (such as temperature, light, water, etc.) and change their shape or function over time, so that the printed product is no longer limited to a fixed shape, but presents a variety of changes.
4D printing attracts a lot of interest since it was first conceptualized in 2013. The fourth dimension gives vitality to design, which uses stimuli to drive the transformation of smart materials by shape memory effects. Intelligent materials are sensitive to the environment which including polymers, alloys, hydrogel, ceramics, composite materials and so on. Through the environment stimuli like thermal pre-strain, water absorption, electromagnetic radiation, activation, magnetic field, current, voltage, the solvent and pH, smart materials will self-assembly produce a deformation, decomposition, repair even change the properties or functions, showing a variety of morphological characteristics. 4D printing has been widely tried in drug delivery, wearable electronics, fashion, automatic origami structures, sensors and other engineering applications by mimicking natural processes (flowers bloom, plant changes and sunflower movements) and exploring similar characteristics of materials.
This review focuses on the system and specific application of 4D printing materials and list a brief overview of the 4D printing about its history, definition, principle and basic composition. We look back the latest development of 4D printing materials and state both the development and challenges of related application fields like the biological bionic, biological, medical, the progress of the application of paper folding structure, etc. Finally, we introduce the trend of 4D printing and the development prospect of the new field to provide reference for further research.

Key words： 4D printing smart material biomimetic biomedical origami structure.

Published: 19 January 2021

CLC number:	TS938.3
	S219.05

Fund:This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21576034).

About author:: Yumeng Zhang received her B.S. degree in industrial design from Harbin University of Science and Technology in 2019. She is currently pursuing her M.A. degree at the School of Art, Chongqing University under the supervision of Prof. Yuxin Zhang. Her research has focused on the intersection of art design and materials.
Jinjun Xiais an associate professor and master tutor of School of Arts, Chongqing University. He has been a visiting scholar, College of DAAP, University of Cincinnati, United States from 2010 to 2011, and he is currently a full associate professor in School of Arts, Chongqing University. He is a member of China Industrial Design Association and director of Chongqing Industrial Design Association, Chongqing Science and Technology Youth Federation and executive director of Chongqing School Art Education Association. His research interests are industrial and product design and theories.
Yuxin Zhang, completed his B.E. and M.E. degree in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University in 2000 and 2003, respectively. He received his Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering and Biomolecular Engineering from the National University of Singapore (NUS) in 2008 and continued to work as a research fellow in Prof. Hua Chun Zeng's group at NUS until 2009. He is a full research professor at the college of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University. His research interest involves self-assembled nanostructures for energy storage materials and photocatalysts, particularly on MnO₂ and diatom-based nanostructures.

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Cite this article:

ZHANG Yumeng,LI Jie,XIA Jinjun, et al. 4D Printing: Technologies, Materials and Applications[J]. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(1): 1212-1223.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.20030128 OR http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2021/V35/I1/1212

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