| MATERIALS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: MATERIALS REMANUFACTURING AND WASTE RECYCLING |
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| Research Progress on Recycling Technology of Cathode Materials for Spent Ternary Lithium-ion Batteries |
| TIAN Qinghua1,2,3, ZOU Ailing1,2,3, TONG Hui1,4,5, YU Wanjing1, ZHANG Jiafeng1, GUO Xueyi1,2,3
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1 School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2 Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Resources Recycling, Changsha 410083, China
3 Hunan Engineering Research Center of Nonferrous Metal Resources Recycling, Changsha 410083, China
4 National Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
5 Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China |
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Abstract Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in new energy vehicles at home and abroad due to superior performance. With the increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries, a large number of lithium-ion batteries will inevitably be retired in the near future. In order to realize the recycling of valuable metal resources and reduce potential environmental impacts of solid waste disposal, a great deal of attention has been paid to the deve-lopment of an efficient process for recycling spent ternary lithium-ion batteries.
Valuable metals or battery materials can be obtained by recycling ternary lithium-ion batteries. In order to improve the recovery rate of materials, a pretreatment method is usually used to separate the current collectors and the cathode materials to achieve effective separation of materials and the further post-processing. Then, metallurgical treatment is used to extract metals and separate impurities from the cathode materials, which includes high temperature metallurgical and hydrometallurgical treatment processes. Finally, battery materials or compounds are further prepared by using the synthesis methods of materials. At the current stage of research, high-temperature metallurgical processes have the problems such as large material loss, high energy consumption, and unfriendly environment; hydrometallurgical processes have the problems such as large acid consumption, low impurity removal efficiency, and long process flows. The regeneration process of cathode materials, the cost of recycling, and the performances of resynthesized materials are the important factors that limit the application.
In this paper, we review the recycling technologies of spent ternary lithium-ion batteries, including pretreatment, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and cathode material regeneration. We compare the merit and demerit of the above methods, providing references for the development of cathode material recovery technologies in the future and putting forward the prospects and direction of the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries.
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Published: 19 January 2021
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| Fund:This work was financially supported by the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars (51922108), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51502350) and Hunan Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (2019JJ20031). |
About author:: Qinghua Tian received his B.E., M.E. and Ph.D. degrees in metallurgical engineering from Central South University in 2004, 2007 and 2009, respectively. In 2018, he became a professor in Central South University. His research interests include efficient separation and extraction of refractory non-ferrous metal resources, recycling of non-ferrous metal, renewable resources, material preparation and application.
Hui Tong, received his B.E., M.E. degrees in metallurgical engineering from Central South University in 2004 and 2007, and received his Ph.D. degree in applied chemistry from Kyushu University in Japan in 2013. After two-year postdoctoral research at New York University, he is currently a full associate professor in Central South University. His research interests are new energy battery materials, waste battery recycling, comprehensive utilization of metal resources, and inorganic functional materials.
Xueyi Guo received his B.E., M.E. and Ph.D. degrees in nonferrous metallurgy from Central South University of Technology (now Central South University) in 1989, 1992 and 1995, respectively. Post-doctoral research was completed in 1997. From 1999 to 2000, he was a researcher in the department of functional material che-mistry, faculty of science and technology, Saga University, Japan. From 2000 to 2003, he was a visiting professor at the international research center of industry in University of Tokyo, Japan. In 2003, he became a full professor in Central South University, where he founded the research institute of resource recycling. In June 2006, he was appointed as the deputy president of Central South University. His research interests include resource recycling, environmental materials, and efficient extraction of non-ferrous metals from complex resources. |
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2021, Vol. 35 
