轻质多孔混凝土防水剂的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.18070029

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Abstract Porous concrete is a novel energy-saving building material, which features light weight, excellent thermal insulation, outstanding fire resis-tance and non-combustibility. However, it suffers a severe water-absorbing problem due to its high porosity and high surface free energy. The issue, degrading seriously the strength and thermal insulation properties, restrains their further applications. Therefore, it is imperative to address the waterproof problem of the porous concrete.
The matrix structure optimization and water repellent modification are two primary directions in current waterproof researches. The matrix structure is optimized by adjusting of the pore structure of the concrete and the crystal/gel ratio of pore walls to reduce the water absorption of concretes. Yet, the waterproof performance, achieved by the optimization of matrix structure, exhibits severe limitations. Hence, the method of the waterproofing agent modification to improve the waterproof performance gains more attentions.
The water repellent accomplishes the reduction of water absorption of the concrete or the water permeability under hydrostatic pressure through forming a hydrophobic film on the surface of porous concretes and/or in pores. Commonly, water repellents consist of silicones, fatty acid salts and paraffin emulsions. The silicone system achieves a good hydrophobicity via the substitution of long-chain organic group. The waterproof performance of the fatty acid salt is obtained by two methods: (ⅰ) forming a precipitate, which shows “anti-capillary effect”, by the reaction of carboxylic acid group and Ca²⁺; or (ⅱ) blocking pores through the active substance, which binds to the matrix. The paraffin emulsion achieves the reduced water absorption property through converting the surface property of particles from hydrophilicity into water repellency by encapsulation.
The action mode of the water repellent includes two types. One is the isolation of the substrate’s surface, including the closed-type and the opened-type. The other is the combination with the matrix, including the reaction and the binding type. Two main methods are utilized for the waterproofing of porous concrete. One is the surface waterproof, including coating, impregnating or spraying water repellent onto the surface. The other is the interior waterproofing, achieved by adding the water repellent into concretes during the preparation. The surface waterproofing performance varies depending on the penetration depth of the water repellent, and is related with the ratio of the communication hole of the concrete, the porosity, the viscosity of the water repellent, and the surface tension. The internal waterproofing is greatly affected by the type of the waterproofing agent and the compatibility of the silicate matrix. Therefore, the internal waterproofing method exhibits superiorities from the view of durability and comprehensive effects of waterproofing.
For the characterization and evaluation of the waterproof performance of porous concrete, the measurement of water absorption, chloride ion permeability and static water contact angle are mainly employed. However, the research in this aspect is relatively lagging. It is urgent to establish a complete evaluation system.
Herein, we reviewed the research progress of lightweight porous concrete waterproofing. The types, action mechanism and the action mode of water repellent, waterproof modification methods and characterization and evaluation methods were emphasized. The existing problems and future development trends were proposed. The insight gained by this work could provide reference for the further study of waterproof performance of porous concrete materials.

Key words： porous concrete waterproofing agent waterproof mechanism waterproof modification volumetric hydrophobic method characterization and evaluation

Published: 02 July 2019

CLC number:

TU528

Fund:This work was financially supported by Major Projects of Shandong Province Science and Technology Development Plan (2014GZX201008), SDUT and Zibo City Integration Development Project (2016ZBXC141), Zibo City Innovation and Development Key Project (2016CX16A011).

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	Articles by authors
	ZHOU Xuexia
	YANG Zanzhong
	XU Yanjiao
	WANG Lu
	SUN Haibin
	WANG Yongzai
	DU Qingyang
	YUE Hongzhi

Cite this article:

ZHOU Xuexia,YANG Zanzhong,XU Yanjiao, et al. A Review on Waterproofing Agent of Lightweight Porous Concrete[J]. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(15): 2546-2551.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.18070029 OR http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2019/V33/I15/2546

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