| POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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| Construction of Copper-doped Bioactive Glass/Quaternized Chitosan Composite Hydrogels and Their Multi-network Synergistic Enhancement Mechanism |
| ZHANG Rui1,2, MA Xiaoli1,2, TONG Fenglian1,2,*
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1 College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China 2 Key Laboratory of Active Ingredients and Drug Release Technology for Natural Medicines in Xinjiang, Urumqi 830054, China |
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Abstract In recent years, researchers in the field of skin wound healing have focused on the synergistic interaction between bioactive glass (BGs) and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (QCS)-based hydrogels. Conventional BGs monomers often induce tissue irritation, while QCS hydrogels exhibit inadequate mechanical strength. To address these limitations, a multi-network hydrogel system by synergistically integrating copper-doped bioactive glasses (Cu-BGs) with QCS was developed in this work. Cu-BGs was synthesized using a sol-gel method coupled with a templating strategy. Subsequently, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/QCS/Cu-BGs (PQB-Cu) multi-network hydrogels were fabricated via a freeze-thaw cycling process. The 4wt% Cu-BGs exhibited a spherical morphology with a homogeneous distribution of copper (Cu) throughout the glass matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Barrett-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses confirmed its mesoporous nature and amorphous structure. The PQB-0.5%Cu hydrogel formed a three-dimensional network structure through electrostatic interactions and dynamic borate ester bonds, demonstrating interconnected porosity (SEM), self-healing properties that enable painless dressing changes, and superior adhesion strength (13.98±1.77 kPa vs.5 kPa for commercial Greenplast). Additionally, the hydrogel demonstrated a swelling ratio of up to 300%, and its elongation at break was (316.10±41.10)%, markedly exceeding the human skin requirement of 17% to 27%. In vitro studies revealed a biphasic Cuions release profile (initial burst followed by sustained diffusion), while Cu-BGs and QCS synergy enhanced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration by 1.26-fold in 24-hour scratch assays. The PQB-Cu multi-network hydrogel developed in this work exhibited favorable mechanical properties and effectively promoted cell migration, offering a promising strategy for the design of wound dressings with excellent mechanical strength and therapeutic potential for wound healing.
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Published: 25 December 2025
Online: 2025-12-17
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