微藻水热碳化技术的机理、调控与应用:面向“双碳”目标的生物质基功能材料的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.25030017

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Abstract This review systematically presents a comprehensive analysis of microalgae hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology, offering critical insights into its underlying mechanisms, process regulation, and multifunctional applications toward achieving “dual-carbon” objectives. As a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel-derived carbon materials, microalgae-based HTC leverages the unique composition of microalgae—rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids—to synthesize doped carbon materials with tunable physicochemical properties. The review begins by elucidating the hydrothermal conversion mechanisms of microalgal components, detailing how carbohydrates contribute to carbon skeleton formation, proteins enable nitrogen doping, and lipids modulate pore structure development. Key reaction pathways, including hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, and polycondensation, are analyzed in the context of temperature, residence time, pH, and microalgae-to-water ratio, which collectively govern the yield, elemental composition, and surfacefunctionality of hydrochars. Subsequently, the advanced applications of HTC-derived carbon materials are highlighted across environmental remediation (heavy metal adsorption, CO₂ capture, soil amendment), energy storage (sodium-ion batteries, supercapacitors), and catalysis (photothermal conversion, biodiesel synthesis). These materials exhibit superior performance owing to their high specific surface area, hierarchical porosity, and heteroatom-doped surfaces, enabling efficient mass transfer and active site exposure. Although significant progress has been made, challenges remain in refining structure-property relationships, enhancing mate-rial conductivity and cycle stability, and scaling up production processes with energy efficiency. Future research directions are proposed, emphasizing integrative approaches that combine computational modeling, process intensification, and hybrid activation strategies to deepen mechanistic understanding, optimize material performance, and facilitate industrial deployment. By bridging fundamental science and technological innovation, microalgae HTC holds promise as a pivotal pathway for sustainable carbon material production, aligning with global goals for low-carbon development and circular bioeconomy.

Key words： “dual-carbon” strategy carbon material synthesis biomass microalgae hydrothermal carbonization performance modulation carbon material applications

Published: 25 February 2026 Online: 2026-02-13

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TB321

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	Articles by authors
	BI Hao
	HAN Qingqing
	WU Ping
	CHEN Siyuan
	YU Yujie
	HUANG Rui

Cite this article:

BI Hao,HAN Qingqing,WU Ping, et al. Mechanisms,Regulation,and Applications of Microalgae Hydrothermal Carbonization:Advances in Biomass-based Functional Materials Toward “Dual-Carbon” Objectives[J]. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(4): 25030017-11.

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https://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.25030017 OR https://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2026/V40/I4/25030017

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