| METALS AND METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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| The GTN Damage Model for 2195-T6 Al-Li Alloy Based on Response Surface Methodology and MOPSO Algorithm |
| JIA Xiangdong*, LUO Zhan, HAO Kunming, ZHANG Hongyao, LU Wei
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| College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China |
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Abstract Owing to its superior mechanical properties and weight reduction benefits, 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy has emerged as the preferred material for manufacturing critical components of aerospace equipment such as spacecraft and launch vehicles. the microstructural damage evolution of 2195 Al-Li alloy under varying loading scenarios serves as a critical determinant of its formability and service life. The GTN model, one of the most extensively utilized models in mesoscopic damage modeling, is capable of accurately predicting the damage evolution and fracture behavior of ductile metals. Achieving this level of accuracy hinges on the precise calibration of the GTN model parameters. Based on micro characterization and macro performance test, the response surface model of damage parameters was established through numerical simulation and experiment, and the mechanism of the influence of damage parameters on the mechanical properties of 2195 Al-Li alloy was revealed. Based on this, the GTN model parameters of 2195-T6 aluminum-lithium alloy sheet were determined by combining the response surface with MOPSO algorithm. The results show that the combination of response surface method and MOPSO optimization algorithm can achieve the accurate calibration of GTN model parameters.
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Published: 10 December 2025
Online: 2025-12-03
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2025, Vol. 39 
