RESEARCH PAPER |
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Structure and Electrical Properties of La0.67Ca0.33-0.5xLixMnO3 Polycrystalline Ceramic |
Di LI,Qingming CHEN,Xiaohui CHEN,Zhiyu LI,Yalin ZHANG,Hui ZHANG
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College of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 690093 |
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Abstract A series of La0.67Ca0.33-0.5xLixMnO3 ceramic (x=0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) were prepared by sol-gel technique. The crystal structures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the surface morphology and grain boundaries were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the temperature dependence of the resistivity (R-T) of the bulk samples were studied by the standard four-probe method. It can be indexed with an orthorhombic structure for all of La0.67Ca0.33-0.5xLixMnO3 polycrystalline ceramics. The results showed that with the increase of the content of Li element, the unit cell volume decrease and the resistance increases. The insulator-metal transition temperature TP shifts to lower temperature and the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) decrease continually. The data of resistivity on low-temperature (TP) have been fitted with the relation ρ(T)=ρ0+ρ2T 2+ρ4.5T 4 . 5, the high-temperature (T>TP) resistivity data were explained using small-polaron hopping (SPH) and variable-range hopping (VRH) models. The resistivity data in whole temperature range (100—300 K) can be fitted by percolation model. Polaron activation energy Ea is found to increases with increasing the contant of Li (x), which suggests that Li doping decrease bond angle of Mn 3+-O 2--Mn 4+, thereby the increase of effective band gap and the decrease of double exchange coupling, this is the reason of the increase of resistivity.
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Published: 25 January 2018
Online: 2018-01-25
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x | Lattice constant | Cell volume V/?3 | TP K | TCR/(%· K-1) | a/? | | | b/? | c/? | 0.00 | 5.454 | 7.709 | 5.460 | 229.557 | 264 | 51.9 | 0.05 | 5.449 | 7.721 | 5.462 | 229.814 | 258 | 12.6 | 0.10 | 5.487 | 7.774 | 5.477 | 233.599 | 255 | 8.7 | 0.15 | 5.485 | 7.734 | 5.480 | 232.464 | 249 | 4.0 | 0.20 | 5.413 | 7.717 | 5.487 | 229.216 | 232 | 3.7 |
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The lattice constant, Tp, TCR of La0.67CLixMnO3
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XRD patterns of La0.67Ca0.33-0.5xLixMnO3 with different Li content (x=0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20)
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SEM images of La0.67Ca0.33-0.5xLixMnO3 polycrystalline: (a)x=0.00,(b)x=0.10,(c)x=0.15,(d)x=0.20
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Temperature dependence on the (a) resistivity and (b) temperature coefficient of resistivity of La0.67Ca0.33-0.5xLixMnO3 polycrystalline ceramics
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x | ρ0 10-4Ω·cm | ρ2/(10-9Ω· cm·K-1) | ρ4.5/(10-13Ω· cm·K-1) | R2 | 0.00 | 5.77 | 9.812 27 | 0. 521 11 | 0.996 9 | 0.05 | 46.00 | 308.573 | 3.216 02 | 0.999 9 | 0.10 | 73.60 | 462.456 | 19.894 8 | 0.999 5 | 0.15 | 105.00 | 195.023 | 20.760 5 | 0.999 3 | 0.20 | 131.58 | 6 422.78 | 354.654 | 0.999 9 |
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Low temperature fitting parameters obtained from fitting experimental data with Eq.(1) (T<TP)
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x | Ea meV | θD K | J meV | | γP | R2 | 0.00 | 83.68 | 559 | 27.63 | 1.16 | 3.47 | 0.999 6 | 0.05 | 129.03 | 533 | 26.65 | 1.03 | 5.62 | 0.999 9 | 0.10 | 167.06 | 540 | 26.92 | 0.97 | 7.18 | 0.999 4 | 0.15 | 164.44 | 526 | 26.38 | 0.97 | 7.26 | 0.999 8 | 0.20 | 154.13 | 499 | 25.37 | 0.97 | 7.17 | 0.999 2 |
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SPH model fitting parameters obtained from fitting experimental data with Eq.(2) and Eq.(3) (T>θ/2)
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Fit curve of electrical resistivity in different temperature range:(a)T<TP;(b)TP<T<Tθ/2,(c)T>Tθ/2
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x | T0/K | N(EF)/(eV-1·cm-3) | R2 | 0.00 | 1 954 | 1.04×1024 | 0.985 2 | 0.05 | 3 284 | 6.19×1023 | 0.978 1 | 0.10 | 4 713 | 4.31×1023 | 0.977 2 | 0.15 | 3 166 | 6.42×1023 | 0.945 4 | 0.20 | 3 009 | 6.75×1023 | 0.956 8 |
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VRH model fitting parameters obtained from fitting experimental data with Eq.(5) (TP<T<θ/2)
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x | /104K | Tc-mod/ K | R2 | 0.00 | 6.16 | 258 | 0.998 9 | 0.05 | 3.27 | 253 | 0.999 8 | 0.10 | 1.76 | 251 | 0.997 4 | 0.15 | 1.45 | 249 | 0.998 7 | 0.20 | 0.74 | 232 | 0.994 2 |
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Percolation model fitting parameters obtained from fitting experimental data with Eq.(8)(100—300 K)
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Fit curve of electrical resistivity with percolation model (100—300 K)
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