| METALS AND METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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| Progress on Thermal Stability of Sintered Nd-Fe-B Magnets |
| JIANG Weihao1,2, XU Yi1,*, LI Chengcan1,2, WANG Yue1,2, LI Guodong1, XIA Yuan1,3,*
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1 Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2 School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3 Center for Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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Abstract Nd-Fe-B magnets are widely used in permanent magnet motors due to their exceptional remanence and maximum energy products. However, the heat generation arising from permanent magnet motor losses will induce temperature elevation in Nd-Fe-B magnets, thus leading to significant performance degradation of Nd-Fe-B magnets due to their limited thermal stability. Therefore, enhancing the thermal stability of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets and expanding their operational temperature ranges have emerged as prominent research priorities. On the one hand, enhancing the resistance to external magnetic field perturbations at high temperatures can be achieved through increasing coercivity or decreasing the temperature coefficient of coercivity. In this review, the principles and methods of grain refinement and intergranular addition are briefly reviewed, and the research progress on the grain boundary diffusion process is reviewed in detail from two aspects: elements beneficial to diffusion depths and various diffusion methods. Meanwhile, research progress on reducing the temperature coefficient of coercivity is systematically reviewed from the aspects of optimizing microstructures and enhancing the coercivity stability of the matrix phases. On the other hand, decreasing the coefficient of remanence of magnets can improve the high-temperature remanence to satisfy the torque and speed requirements of permanent magnet motors, given that the power of permanent magnet motors is closely related to the remanence of Nd-Fe-B magnets. Current strategies for improving the temperature coefficient of remanence predominantly involve Co doping. Recent studies have also introduced HRE-Co diffusion sources in grain boundary diffusion processes. The distribution characteristics of Co are investigated through progress on grain boundary diffusion studies employing HRE-Co diffusion sources. Furthermore, considering the practical applications of magnets, the effects of squareness, irreversible flux loss, and the machining of magnets on the thermal stability of magnets are also briefly reviewed. Finally, the review concludes with a comprehensive summary and forward-looking perspective on the progress on thermal stability enhancement for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.
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Published: 25 February 2026
Online: 2026-02-13
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2026, Vol. 40 
