| INORGANIC MATERIALS AND CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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| Research Progress on Sub-1 nm Materials Based on Cluster-Nuclei Co-assembly |
| YE Qinghua1,2, ZHAO Yali2, CAI Mingxin2,3, ZHAI Jinxiu2, CAO Xingjian2, LIU Xijun4, HE Peilei2,3,*
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1 School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
2 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, China
3 College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China |
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Abstract Sub-1 nm materials are defined as materials with characteristic dimensions smaller than 1 nm in at least one dimension. Compared to conventional nanomaterials, sub-1 nm materials often exhibit unique properties, leading to a wide range of potential applications. Professor Wang Xun’s research group at Tsinghua University has successfully developed methods for synthesizing sub-1 nm materials in good- and poor-solvent system and proposed a cluster-nuclei co-assembly strategy to achieve compositional control at the sub-1 nm scale. This strategy has evolved into a universal method for the synthesis of various sub-1 nm materials. Due to their exceptionally high specific surface area and nearly 100% surface atom exposure, sub-1 nm materials exhibit rapid electron/ion transport characteristics, making them widely applicable in energy storage, catalysis, and photothermal conversion. This review introduces the concept of the cluster-nuclei co-assembly strategy and elucidates the formation mechanisms of sub-1 nm materials. Additionally, it reviews the current research status of sub-1 nm materials synthesized through this strategy, systematically discussing their synthesis methods and structures, as well as their applications in energy storage, catalysis, and photothermal conversion. Finally, the challenges facing sub-1 nm materials today and future research directions are presented, aiming to provide new perspectives for the design and precise synthesis of sub-1 nm materials.
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Published: 25 June 2025
Online: 2025-06-19
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2025, Vol. 39 
