METALS AND METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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Research Progress on Irradiation Effect of Superconducting Materials |
ZHU Hongmei1, LI Zuoguang1, QIU Changjun1, MAO Zhehua2, QIN Jinggang2
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1 School of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001,China 2 Institute of Plasma Physics, CAS, Hefei 230031, China |
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Abstract Due to a series of excellent characteristics, such as zero resistance effect, Meisner effect and Josephson effect. Superconducting materials have been gradually applied in important fields such as information energy, electric power and transportation, scientific instruments, medical technology, national defense and military, and strongly promotes the development of national economy and human society. Currently, the irradiation effects of superconducting materials in extreme environments such as strong magnetic field, strong radiation and ultra-low temperature are the main focus of researchers at home and abroad. Under the irradiation of high-energy particles, a series of collisions occur between atoms in the lattice of superconducting materials. This will produce a large number of irradiation defects (such as off-peak, depleted-atom region, vacancies, interstitial atoms, dislocations, vacancies), defect clusters and new precipitates. These have significant effects on the superconductivity (including critical temperature TC, critical magnetic field HC, critical current IC and critical current density JC, etc.). In this paper, the research progress of irradiation effects of different superconducting materials at home and abroad is reviewed comprehensively. According to the critical temperature TC, superconducting materials can be classified into low-temperature superconducting materials (TC<25 K, mainly including NbTi, Nb3Sn and Nb3Al) and high-temperature superconducting materials (TC>25 K, mainly including bismuth-based, yttrium-based, MgB2 and iron-based superconducting materials). The effects of irradiation sources (such as neutrons, ions (He, B, C, O, Ne, Si, Ar, Ti, Ni, Xe, Au, Pb, etc.), protons, electrons and rays (γ,χ rays), irradiation conditions (energy, dose, temperature), initial state of superconducting materials, and doping (MgO, B, Sn, Ag, etc.) on their superconductivity are mainly reviewed. Most of studies have shown that, defects can be introduced into superconducting materials after irradiation, and the critical current density JC can be improved with the increase of magnetic flux pinning strength and density. In addition, the critical temperature TC of superconducting materials can be increased by increasing the carriers in superconducting materials or improving the ordering of crystals. Finally, in terms of some key problems need to be solved in the current superconducting material, some technical approaches are proposed in this article, such as optimizing the material system and its preparation process, heat treatment, doping and combination numerical simulation with experimental investigation. This article can provide ideas for the research,development and commercial application of superconducting materials.
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Published: 14 July 2020
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Fund:This work was financially supported by the National Key R & D Program Projects (2017YFE0301404). |
About author:: Hongmei Zhu, Ph.D, associate professor, master supervisor. In June 2011, she graduated from South China University of Technology, majoring in material proces-sing engineering. She has been studying in the University of Sydney in Australia for 18 months and visited Purdue University for one year. She is currently the director of the institute of metallic materials and micro-manufacturing in the University of South China, and a member of the Youth Working Committee of Surface Engineering Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society. Her research interest is the safety service and surface modification technology of nuclear metallic materials. Currently, she is host ingeight natural science foundation project including national, provincial and municipal levels, and published over 20 SCI/EI papers as the first author/corresponding author. Changjun Qiu, Ph.D, professor, doctoral supervisor.In June 2003,he received his doctoral degree from Central South University. He is currently the leader of mechanical engineering discipline in Hunan province, the leader of Hunan provincial science and technology innovation team-nuclear energy equipment and safety service technology, and the director of Hunan provincial key laboratory-equipment safety service technology under special environment. His research interests are nuclear facility safety engineering and decommissioning technology, safety service and surface modification technology of nuclear metallic materials. He has hosted 1 Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, 3 General Programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and 1 subitem of the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project. He published over 100 papers with high impact factor. Jinggang Qin, Ph.D, researcher, doctoral supervisor.In 2012, he received his doctoral degree of nuclear energy science and engineering from the graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences.He is the outstanding member of youth innovation promotion association of Chinese academy of sciences, “ten thousand plan” top young talents. He is the deputy director of Applied Superconductivity Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has been engaged in the research of large-scale armored superconducting conductor, focusing on the research of ITER superconducting cable and stainless steel armor, as well as the research of new armored conductor for future high-field application, and exploring the conductor technology based on new structure and new material. He has successively presided over the Youth Project of the National Natural Science Foundation, the General Project, the Special Project of the National Magnetic Confinement fusion Energy Research and Development, ITER International Cooperation Project (ITER PF/TF/CC/Fee-der conductor development) and so on. He published over 30 SCI papers as the first/corresponding author, 12 invention patents,and presided over/participated in compiling 5 standards related to nuclear fusion. |
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