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材料导报  2026, Vol. 40 Issue (1): 25020015-16    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25020015
  金属与金属基复合材料 |
金属异质结构材料:分类、强韧化机制与发展趋势
赵甲正1, 张深根1,*, 王健2, 李俊2, 罗丰华3,*
1 北京科技大学新材料技术研究院,北京 100083
2 宝钢股份有限公司中央研究院,上海 201999
3 中南大学粉末冶金国家重点实验室,长沙 410083
Metallic Heterostructured Materials: Classification,Toughening Mechanisms,and Development Trends
ZHAO Jiazheng1, ZHANG Shengen1,*, WANG Jian2, LI Jun2, LUO Fenghua3,*
1 Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2 Research Institute, Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201999, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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摘要 不同于传统金属材料,异质结构金属材料通过在微观尺度(如晶粒尺寸、晶体结构、相组成和成分差异等)构建具有显著差异的结构单元,实现强度与塑性的协同提升。本文归纳总结了异质结构金属材料发展至今的一些重要研究成果,基于对该类材料的设计、强韧化机制和种类的认识,对这一新兴材料领域的未来发展进行了展望。通过介绍循环加载-卸载实验,阐述了异质结构金属材料的强韧化机制和变形行为,解释了背应力的产生原因和其对性能的影响。列举了梯度结构、片层结构、双峰结构、谐波结构、双相结构和化学成分异构等典型异质结构单元。提出了该材料领域发展面临的难题和研究方向,为未来开发综合性能更优秀的异质结构金属材料提供参考。
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赵甲正
张深根
王健
李俊
罗丰华
关键词:  异质结构金属  材料强韧化  应变梯度  几何必要位错  背应力    
Abstract: Metallic heterostructured materials achieve a synergistic enhancement in strength and ductility, which is challenging for conventional metallic materials, by constructing structural units with significant differences in microstructure at the microscopic level, such as grain size, crystal structure, phase composition, and compositional variations. This paper summarized some important research achievements in the development of metallic heterostructured materials up to now, provided a comprehensive review of their design, toughening mechanisms, and types, and offers an outlook for the future development of this emerging field. Specifically, the toughening mechanisms and deformation behaviors of metallic heterostructured materials were elaborated in detail. Through cyclic loading-unloading experiments, the origins of back stress and its impact on performance were elucidated. Subsequently, typical heterostructures in metallic materials, including gradient structures, layered structures, bimodal structures, harmonic structures, dual-phase structures, and chemically heterogeneous structures, were systematically summarized and categorized. Finally, the challenges and future research directions in the field of metallic heterostructured materials were identified. The aim is to provide a reference for the development of metallic heterostructured materials with superior comprehensive properties.
Key words:  metallic heterogeneous    strengthening and toughening    strain gradient    geometrically necessary dislocation    back stress
出版日期:  2026-01-10      发布日期:  2026-01-09
ZTFLH:  TG14  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3702000)
通讯作者:  * 张深根,工学博士,南昌大学与北京科技大学教授、博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为绿色高值再生有色金属研发和产业化。zhangshengen@mater.ustb.edu.cn
罗丰华,工学博士,中南大学粉末冶金研究院教授、博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为金属材料与粉末冶金。fenghualuo@csu.edu.cn   
作者简介:  赵甲正,北京科技大学新材料技术研究院博士研究生。主要研究方向为冷轧带钢快速热处理。
引用本文:    
赵甲正, 张深根, 王健, 李俊, 罗丰华. 金属异质结构材料:分类、强韧化机制与发展趋势[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(1): 25020015-16.
ZHAO Jiazheng. Metallic Heterostructured Materials: Classification,Toughening Mechanisms,and Development Trends. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(1): 25020015-16.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25020015  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I1/25020015
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