银基钎料在制造业中的研究进展

doi:10.11896/j.issn.1005-023X.2018.09.012

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (15)

Download:

Full Text ( PDF ) (1238KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract The properties of the brazing filler metals largely decide the quality of brazed joints and application field of brazing filler metals. As an important brazing filler metal, the silver-based brazing alloy possesses excellent filling capacity and high strength(close to brass and low carbon steel), which can braze nearly all the metals except aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys and other light metal materials. Consequently, silver-based brazing alloy has been widely used in aerospace, super-hard tools and other manufacturing industries, and aroused extensive attention of researchers at home and abroad. Nevertheless, there are still some problems in the development and application of silver-based brazing alloys. Ⅰ. The high silver content always leads to high costs of filler metals. Ⅱ. The inclusions can’t be avoided during the process of extrusion, rolling, dra-wing and so forth, which are harmful to the performance and quality of brazed joints. Ⅲ. The mechanism of controlling the properties of brazing alloys and brazed joints by adding beneficial pure metal or alloys is still confused. Ⅳ. The production efficiency of silver-based brazing alloys by traditional process is low. Ⅴ. The application of silver-based brazing alloys in manufacturing industry has not been reported systemically. The research on the brazed joints and engineering applicationsof the silver-based brazing alloys at home and abroad mainly focus on the following aspects. (Ⅰ) Develop brazing alloys with lower silver content. It mainly use selected element to modify the connection properties of brazed joints. (Ⅱ) Improve traditional preparation methods of silver-based brazing alloys, namely, propose new methods, such as powder electromagnetic suppression forming, original position synthesis in brazing process, rapid solidification, coating diffusion etc. (Ⅲ) Study the effect of impurity elements, like C, Ca, S, Al, Fe, Bi, Pb, O, N etc. (Ⅳ) Design silver-based brazing alloys with innovative shape, such as sandwich-like, foil and Sn-plated filler metals etc. (Ⅴ) Explore engineering application. Silver-based brazing alloys have been widely applied in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, electric energy, while it still lack intensive study on industrial application. Accordingly, this article reviews the relevant researches on silver-based brazing alloys in recent 20 years, and mainly focus on the effect of alloying elements on the properties of silver-based brazing alloys. First of all, the research status of silver-based brazing alloys is outlined. The effects of Cu, Zn, Sn, Ga, In, Ni, Mn, Cd, Li, Ce, La, P, Si, Pr on silver-based brazing alloys are summarized, including their advantages and disadvantages. Meanwhile, the negative effects of C, S, O, N, Ca, Al, Fe, Pb and Bi are pointed out. Secondly, the applications of silver-based brazing alloys in manufacturing industries, including aerospace, automobile manufacturing, electric energy, super-hard tools, household appliances, optics are concluded in detail. At last, the existing problems in the research and application of silver-based filler metals are put forward, which will provide theoretical guidance for the in-depth systematic study of silver-based brazing alloys.

Key words： silver-based brazing alloys alloying element manufacturing impurity element industrial applications

Published: 06 July 2018

CLC number:

TG425

	Service
	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	WANG Xingxing
	PENG Jin
	CUI Datian
	XUE Peng
	LI Hong
	HU Anming
	SUN Guoyuan

Cite this article:

WANG Xingxing,PENG Jin,CUI Datian, et al. Research and Application of Silver-based Brazing Alloys in Manufacturing Industries: a Review[J]. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(9): 1477-1485.

URL:

http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/j.issn.1005-023X.2018.09.012 OR http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2018/V32/I9/1477

1 Long W M, Zhang G X, Zhang Q K. In situ synthesis of high strength Ag brazing filler metals during induction brazing process[J].Scripta Materialia,2016,110:41.
2 Ma C L, Xue S B, Wang B. Study on novel Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn brazing filler metal bearing Ga[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2016,688:854.
3 He Peng, Cao Jian, Xu Fujia, et al. Structure of brazed joints of TA2/BT20 with Ag-28Cu filler metal[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2009,30(12):9(in Chinese).
何鹏,曹健,徐富家,等.Ag-28Cu钎焊TA2/BT20接头组织分析[J].焊接学报,2009,30(12):9.
4 Zhang L X,Feng J C,He P.Brazing temperature and time effects on the mechanical properties of TiC cermets Ag-Cu-Zn steel joints[J].Materials Science and engineering A,2006, 428:24.
5 Khorunov V F, Stefaniv B V, Maksymova S V. Effect of nickel and manganese on structure of Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn system alloys and strength of brazed joints[J].Paton Welding Journal,2014,4:22.
6 Wingert P C, Leung C H. The development of silver-based cad-mium-free contact materials[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2004,72(3):148.
7 Winiowski A, Rózanski M. Impact of tin and nickel on the brazing properties of silver filler metals and on the strength of brazed joints made of stainless steels[J].Archives of Metallurgy and Materials,2013,58(4):1007.
8 Li Z R, Cao J, Liu B, et al. Effect of La content on microstructure evolution of 20Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn-P-La filler metals and properties of joints[J].Science and Technology of Welding & Joining,2010,15(1):59.
9 Ma C L, Xue S B, Wang B, et al. Effect of Ce addition on the microstructure and properties of Ag17CuZnSn filler metal[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2017,26(7):3180.
10 Ma Jia, Long Weimin, He Peng, et al. Effect of gallium addition on microstructure and properties of Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn alloys[J]. China Welding (English Edition),2015,24(3):6.
11 Daniel S, Gunther W, Sebastian S. Development of Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn brazing filler metals with a 10weigh-% reduction of silver and liquids temperature[J].China Welding (English Edition),2014,23(4):25.
12 Cao J, Zhang L X, Wang H Q, et al. Effect of silver content on microstructure and properties of brass/steel induction brazing joint using Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn filler metal[J].Journal of Materials Science & Technology,2011,27(4):377.
13 Wierzbicki L J, Malec W, Stobrawa J, et al. Studies into new, environmentally friendly Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn brazing alloys of low silver content[J].Archives of Metallurgy and Materials,2011,56(1):147.
14 Watanabe T, Yanagisawa A, Sasaki T. Development of Ag based brazing filler metal with low melting point[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2011,16(6):502.
15 Gao Ge,Hu Jianhua,Cheng Cheng,et al. Forming equation about multivariate mixed metal powder by electromagnetic compaction[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(7):1937(in Chinese).
高歌,胡建华,程呈,等.电磁压制多元金属混合粉末的压型方程[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(7):1937.
16 Long Weimin,Zhang Guanxing,Zhang Qingke,et al. In-situ synthesis of high strength Ag brazing filler metals during brazing process[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2015,36(11):1(in Chinese).
龙伟民,张冠星,张青科,等.钎焊过程原位合成高强度银钎料[J].焊接学报,2015,36(11):1.
17 Xu Jinfeng,Zhang Xiaocun,Dang Bo,et al. Microstructure and pro-perties of rapidly solidified Ag-Cu-Sn ternary brazing fillers[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2011,32(2):85(in Chinese).
徐锦锋,张晓存,党波,等.Ag-Cu-Sn三元合金钎料的快速凝固组织与性能[J].焊接学报,2011,32(2):85.
18 Wang Xingxing,Tan Qunyan,Xue Peng,et al. Phase composition and formation mechanism of diffusion transition zone for silver-based brazing alloys with tin coatings[J]. Materials Review B:Research Papers,2017,31(4):66(in Chinese).
王星星,谭群燕,薛鹏,等.镀锡银钎料扩散过渡区的物相和形成机制[J].材料导报:研究篇,2017,31(4):66.
19 Xue Songbai,Qian Yiyu,Yu Xiaoping,et al. Effect and mechanism of aluminum and iron in silver filler metal[J].Welding and Joining,1998(10):6(in Chinese).
薛松柏,钱乙余,余晓萍,等.杂质元素铝、铁在银基钎料中的作用及其机理[J].焊接,1998(10):6.
20 Xue S B,Qian Y Y, Hu X P, et al . Behavior and influence of Pb in silver-based filler metal[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,1997,18:60.
21 Zhang Guanxing.Research on influence of impurity and representation of cleanliness for Ag-based filler metals[D].Beijing:China Aca-demy of Machinery Science&Technology,2015(in Chinese).
张冠星.银基钎料杂质元素影响研究及其洁净度表征[D].北京:机械科学研究总院,2015.
22 Lu Quanbing,Zhao Jianchang,Huang Chengzhi,et al. Influence of interlayer thickness on brazed joint strength with composite brazing filler[J]. Welding and Joining,2014(9):36(in Chinese).
路全彬,赵建昌,黄成志,等.中间层厚度对复合钎料钎焊接头强度的影响[J].焊接,2014(9):36.
23 Sun Bin,Gan Weiping,Shang Xiaoyun,et al. Study on processing technology and brazing performance of Ag55Cu21Zn17Sn5Ge2 solder[J].Hot Working Technology,2009,38(3):85(in Chinese).
孙斌,甘卫平,尚晓云,等.Ag55Cu21Zn17Sn5Ge钎料加工工艺及其钎焊性能的研究[J].热加工工艺,2009,38(3): 85.
24 王星星,王博,彭进,等.一种过饱和钎料及其制备方法,中国,ZL201510867587.0[P].2017-07-25.
25 Wang Xingxing,Li Quancai,Long Weimin,et al. Effect of heat diffusion process on the interface microstructure and melting characteristic of brazing filler metals with tin coatings[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2016,37(5):89(in Chinese).
王星星,李权才,龙伟民,等.热扩散对镀锡银钎料界面组织及熔化特性的影响[J].焊接学报,2016,37(5):89.
26 Wang Xingxing,Han Linshan,Qiao Peixin,et al. Growth modeling and numerical analysis of diffusion transition zone for silver brazing alloys with tin coatings[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2017,28(11):1362(in Chinese).
王星星,韩林山,乔培新,等.镀锡银钎料扩散过渡区生长建模及数值分析[J].中国机械工程,2017,28(11):1362.
27 Liu Bin. Investigation on microstructure and properties of cadmium-free silver-based intermediate temperature filler metals[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2008(in Chinese).
刘彬.新型银基无镉中温钎料组织性能的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008.
28 Lai Zhongmin.Effects of Ga/In and rare earth Ce on microstructures and properties of brazed joint of Ag30Cu Zn Sn filler metal[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics,2010(in Chinese).
赖忠民.Ga/In与稀土Ce对Ag30CuZn钎料显微组织及钎焊接头性能影响的研究[D].南京: 南京航空航天大学,2010.
29 Zhang Tao, Xue Songbai, Ma Chaoli. Research status of AgCuZn brazing filler metals[J].Welding&Joining,2014(10):10(in Chinese).
张涛,薛松柏,马超力.Ag-Cu-Zn系钎料的研究现状[J].焊接,2014(10):10.
30 Chung J W, Kim G S, Lee S Y, et al. Effects of alloying elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cd-free brazing alloys[J].Journal of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials,2001,39(9):1068.
31 Lai Zhongmin,Xue Songbai,Han Xianpeng,et al. Study on microstructure and property of brazed joint of AgCuZn-X(Ga, Sn, In, Ni) brazing alloy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2010,39(3):397.
32 He P, Feng J C, Zhou H. Microstructure and strength of brazed joints of Ti3Al base alloy with AgCuZn filler metal[J].Materials Science and Technology,2005,21(4):445.
33 Stobrawa J, Wierzbicki , Ciura L, et al. Podatnoscdo przeróbki plastycznej stopów Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn[J].Hutnik,2008,76(8):442.
34 Gasior W, Winiowski A. Properties of silver brazing alloys containing lithium[J].Archives of Metallurgy and Materials,2012,57(4):1087.
35 Zhang Guanxing, Long Weimin. Effect of trace element Ce, Sb and Li on wettability and oxidation resistance of silver-based brazing filler metal[J].Hot Working Technology,2011,40(13):4(in Chinese).
张冠星,龙伟民.微量元素Ce、Sb、Li对银基钎料润湿和抗氧化性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2011,40(13):4.
36 Li Hong, Wolfgang Tillmann, Li Zhuoxin, et al. Development and application of high quality and high reliability brazing filler materials[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2014,35(4):108 (in Chinese).
李红,Wolfgang Tillmann,栗卓新,等. 高品质高可靠性钎料的技术发展及应用[J]. 焊接学报,2014,35(4):108.
37 赖忠民,曹秀斌,钱敏科,等.一种含锡、硅、锌和镨的无镉银钎料及其制备方法,中国201510390217.2[P].2015-07-06.
38 Chen Y, Yun D, Sui F, et al. Influence of sulphur on the microstructure and properties of Ag-Cu-Zn brazing filler metal[J]. Materials Science and Technology (United Kingdom),2013,29(10):1267.
39 Zhang Guanxing, Long Weimin, Bao Li, et al. Effect of sulphuron silver filler metal and brazing properties[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2013,34(1):77(in Chinese).
张冠星,龙伟民,鲍丽,等. 硫对银钎料及钎焊性能的影响[J]. 焊接学报,2012,34(1):77.
40 Bao Li, Long Weimin, Zhang Guanxing, et al. Effect of trace of calcium on performance of AgCuZn alloy[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2012,33(12):57(in Chinese).
鲍丽,龙伟民,张冠星,等.微量Ca元素对AgCuZn钎料性能的影响[J].焊接学报,2012,33(12):57.
41 Sui F F, Long W M, Liu S X, et al. Effect of calcium on the microstructure and mechanical properties of brazed joint using Ag-Cu-Zn brazing filler metal[J].Materials & Design,2013,46:605.
42 Zhang Guanxing,Long Weimin,Pan Jianjun,et al. Effect of oxygen content on wettability and mechanical property of brazing seam for silver based powdered brazing filler metal[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2014,35(3):81(in Chinese).
张冠星,龙伟民,潘建军,等.氧含量对银基粉状钎料润湿性及钎缝力学性能的影响[J].焊接学报,2014,35(3):81.
43 Xue S B, Qian Y Y, Dong J. Equivalent activity coefficient phenomenon of cerium reacting with lead or bismuth in Ag, Cu and Zn alloy[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2002,20(6):626.
44 Xue S B, Qian Y Y, Zhao Z Q, et al. Mechanism of interaction relation between the rare-earth element Ce and impurity elements Pb and Bi in Ag-based filler metal[J].China Welding,2001,10(2):157.
45 方洪渊.简明钎焊工手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
46 张学军.航空钎焊技术[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2008.
47 王娟,刘强.钎焊及扩散焊技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2013.
48 Zhang Guanxing, Long Weimin, Qiao Peixin. Research on brazing technique of diamond core drilling bit based on low-silver brazing filler[J]. Diamond&Abrasives Engineering,2011,31(3):19 (in Chinese).
张冠星,龙伟民,乔培新.基于低银钎料的金刚石薄壁钻钎焊工艺研究[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2011,31(3):19.
49 Zhang Guangxing, Ding Tianran, Long Weimin. Effect of pre-alloyed powder with different composition and sintering patameters on diamond bit life[J]. Welding Technology,2012,41(12):38(in Chinese).
张冠星,丁天然,龙伟民.预合金粉成分及烧结工艺对金刚石刀头寿命的影响[J].焊接技术,2012,41(12):38.
50 Wang Xiaojun. Application and brazing technology on PCD turning toll[J].Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool,2005(8):94(in Chinese).
王晓军.聚晶金刚石车刀钎焊工艺应用研究[J].制造技术与机床,2005,(8):94.
51 Chen Dengquan,Xu Kun,Luo Ximing,et al. Study on performance of silver brazing alloys used for hard alloy[J].Precious Metals,2008,29(1):26(in Chinese).
陈登权,许昆,罗锡明,等.硬质合金用银钎料性能对比研究[J].贵金属,2008,29(1):26.
52 Hou kezhong,Bai Jiasheng,Sheng Linfeng,et al. Study and preparation on the special tool of tunneling shield[J].2009,26(1):24(in Chinese).
侯克忠,白佳声,盛林峰,等.盾构掘进机用特种刀具的研究与制备[J].硬质合金,2009,26(1):24.
53 Wang Bangjun,Zhang Nan,Chen Lin. Research on hi-frequency induction brazing of YGl5C/35CrMo using AgCuZnMnNi fmer metal[J].Electric Welding Machine,2014,44(11):91(in Chinese).
王帮军,张楠,陈林.AgCuZnMnNi钎料感应钎焊35CrMo/YG15C焊缝强度研究[J].电焊机,2014,44(11):91.
54 Wan Yi. The parameters of brazing process have an influence on brazing rate[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University of Technology,2013.
万一.高频感应钎焊工艺参数对钎着率的影响[D].重庆:重庆理工大学,2013.
55 Ji Fangxiang,Sui Jingpeng,Zang hengbo. Research on 1Crl8Ni9Ti and copper induction brazing technologies[J].Explosion-Proof Electric Machine,2011,46(2):46(in Chinese).
纪繁祥,隋景鹏,臧恒波.1Cr18Ni9Ti与紫铜感应硬钎焊工艺研究[J].防爆电机,2011,46(2):46.
56 Zhang Qingke, Pei Yinyin, Long Weimin. Investigation on formation mechanism of brazing cracks at the austenitic stainless steel/filler metal brazing joint interfaces[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2013,49(10):1177(in Chinese).
张青科,裴夤崟,龙伟民.奥氏体不锈钢钎焊界面裂纹形成机制研究[J].金属学报,2013,49(10):1177.
57 Chen Yong, Wu Qianqian, Pei Yinyin, et al. Effects of brazing filler and method on ITER thermal anchor joint crack[J].Materials and Manufacturing Processes,2015,30:1074.
58 Liu Wenmin,Long Weimin,Zhong Sujuan,et al. Brazing process of stainless steel frames[J].Welding Technology,2004,33(3):29(in Chinese).
刘文明,龙伟民,钟素娟.不锈钢眼镜架的钎焊[J].焊接技术,2004,33(3):29.