INORGANIC MATERIALS AND CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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Research Progress in Transparent Photovoltaics |
ZHOU Wencai1,*, WANG Wei1, LIU Xiaopeng1, QI Shuai1, YU Hao1, ZENG Hongjie1, WANG Chuanshen1, WEI Xiaojun2
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1 China Triumph International Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200063, China 2 Innovation Center for Advanced Glass Materials (Anhui) Co., Ltd., Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China |
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Abstract To cope with global warming and the rapidly growing energy demand, great efforts have been invested into the development of photovoltaic devices, among which the solar cells are widely applied in rooftops, facades and power plants. Transparent photovoltaics (TPVs) which can provide electricity and transmit a fraction of the incident light in the visible region that can be recognized by human eyes, extend potential applications in windows, vehicles, greenhouse and electronic devices. Ideal TPV is considered as the glass possessing high average visible transmittance (AVT), high color rendering index (CRI) and long-time stability, as well as high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Nowadays, the research on TPVs is still at the initial stage. The challenge is that the requirements of PCE and AVT cannot be simultaneously satisfied for the applications. Three routes have been reported for the manufacturing of TPVs. The first is sacrificing PCE to boost AVT. AVT and PCE are in opposition to each other for the conventional solar cells (Si, CdTe, CIGS, etc.), which indicates higher AVT of TPVs leads to lower PCE. There will be a balance between PCE and AVT according to the demand. The second is looking for UV/NIR harvesting materials for electricity generation. In theory, with 100% AVT, the UV/NIR adsorption efficiency of single-junction TPV is up to 20.6%. So far, due to the limitations of materials and technologies, the obtained PCE is far below the theoretical value. The last is utilizing the luminescent solar concentrator (LSC), which is recognized as a promising technology for the large-scale production of TPVs with high AVT and CRI but low PCE. To optimize PCE and AVT of TPVs, one needs to take into account the active layer, transparent electrode, charge transport layer and interference at the same time. This review offers a retrospection of the research efforts with respect to the transparent photovoltaics, and provides elaborate descriptions about the strategies to implement the idea. We then pay attention to the problems of the current transparent photovoltaics and discuss the possible research directions. We have confidence that the transparent photovoltaics will foster new types of industries beyond simply expanding the application space of opaque photovoltaics.
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Published: 25 April 2023
Online: 2023-04-24
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Fund:Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (SH02-KJCX-GJHZ-18520731300). |
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