纤维气凝胶的分类、制备工艺及应用现状

doi:10.11896/cldb.20060225

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Abstract Aerogel has excellent properties such as high porosity, low density, high specific surface area and low thermal conductivity. It is widely used in the fields of heat insulation, sound insulation and adsorption, which has become a research hotspot of new nanoporous materials since the 21st century.
However, the network structure of aerogel also causes very prominent disadvantages. First of all, its poor mechanical properties and brittleness makes it difficult to process and treat, and easy to produce dust pollution. Secondly, aerogels are expensive due to restrictions on raw materials and preparation techniques. In addition, the samples of aerogels are always formed statically rather than continuously, the shape of which is general block or powder according to the mold or reaction. Therefore, developing the high mechanical properties, finding a facile and cheap synthesis methods, and broadening the morphology of aerogel remains challenging.
Designing and preparing fibrous aerogels and fiber composite aerogels is one of the methods to solve the aforementioned problems. For example, the inorganic fiber aerogels, organic aerogels, organic/inorganic hybrid fibers aerogels and fiber composite aerogels can be prepared by wet-spinning, in-tube casting, fiber self-assembly, electrostatic-spinning, fiber pyrolysis and carbonization, fibrous deposition and other forming me-thods and drying process including supercritical pressure, freezing and atmospheric drying and so on. Therefore, the required performance of aerogels such as the skeleton structure enhancement of aerogels and fibers,the formation and continuous production of aerogels can be realized, which can avoid agglomeration and facilitate to recycle. Besides, the aerogels can be endowed with new properties on the basis of maintaining excellent original properties by designing special hollow structure and hierarchical pore structure, or using the unique physical/chemical characteristics of the embedded fibers.
In general, we summarize the research status of fiber aerogels and fiber composite aerogel materials in the past five years, introduces the types, characteristics, preparation methods and principles of fiber aerogels, and explains the advantages of fiber aerogels in adsorption, heat insulation, applications in traditional and emerging fields such as sensing, energy storage, catalysis and microwave shielding. Furthermore, we also point the possible research directions in future, and propose some suggestions for the improvement of fiber aerogels.

Key words： aerogel fiber fiber aerogel composite wet spinning cast in tube fibrous substrate self-assembly electrospinning fiber pyrolysis carbonization fibrillation accumulation

Published: 10 December 2021 Online: 2021-12-23

CLC number:

TQ342

Fund:Basic Research Project of the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (J2019018), the Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project (2019J12GX047) and the “Xingliao Elite Program” (XLYC1906017) of Liaoning Province

Corresponding Authors: zhang_hong1234@sina.com

About author: Haotong Zhu graduated from Dalian Polytechnic University with a bachelor's degree in engineering in June 2018. She is currently pursuing her master's degree at the School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University under the supervision of Prof. Hong Zhang.At present, the main research area is aerogel fiber reinforcement.
Hong Zhang is a professor and supervisor of doctoral students at the School of Textile and Material Enginee-ring of Dalian Polytechnic University. She obtained a Ph.D. degree in materials science from the School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology in December 2008. She has published more than 60 papers in journals such as Carbohydrate Polymers, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, and Chemical Journal of Higher Education. It is included in more than 30 articles by SCI and EI. The main academic research directions are chemical fiber and biomass fiber material forming and modification, phase change function, adsorption function, sensor function and other functions and intelligent polymer material synthesis and preparation.

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	ZHU Haotong
	LIU Lingwei
	YAN Ming
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Cite this article:

ZHU Haotong,LIU Lingwei,YAN Ming, et al. Classification, Preparation Process and Application of Fibre Aerogel: a Review[J]. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(23): 23057-23067.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.20060225 OR http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2021/V35/I23/23057

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