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| Implantable Neural Microelectrodes |
| YANG Dan1,LIU Yan1,,ZHONG Zhengxiang1,TIAN Gongwei1,FAN Wenqian2,WANG Yu3,QI Dianpeng1,
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1 MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150080,China
3 School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China |
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Abstract As a key interface device for information communication between human body and external machine, neural electrodes play an important role in brain science, biological electronic medicine and other frontier fields. Originally, metal and semiconductor were used as neural electrode materials, due to their good electrical conductivity. However their hardness are much higher than that of biological tissues (more than 4 orders of magnitude higher), which results in poor biocompatibility. This causes immune responses of biological tissues and electrodes failure. In addition, they are easy to cause damage to biological tissues during the implanting process. In recent years, flexible materials such as conductive polymers, hydrogels and carbon nanotubes are employed to produce flexible neural electrodes. This kind of electrode can reduce the mechanical mismatch across the electronics-tissue interface. Furthermore, the flexible neural electrodes also show advantages in decreasing the impedance between electrode-tissue interface, minimizing biological tissue injury during implantation, ensuring the long-term stability of electrodes and improving their electrical conductivity. All the features are essential for precisely neural stimulation and high quality physiological signal recording. At present, implanted flexible neural microelectrodes attractive many efforts, which requires the combination of new materials, micro-processing technique and neural engineering. The implanted flexible neural electrodes present better performance than other neural electrodes, and many achievements have been gotten in the field of pain suppression, brain-computer interface, human prosthesis and so on. Therefore, the implanted flexible neural electrodes play a more and more important role in clinical application.
In this review, we summarize the research progress of implanted neural microelectrodes from three aspects: neural microelectrode, flexible neural electrode and stretchable neural electrode. Firstly, we analyze the problems with rigid implanted neural electrodes. Subsequently, we introduce flexible implanted neural electrodes and demonstrate their advantages. Finally, we discuss how to further optimize the performance of the implanted flexible neural electrodes and prospect their development. It is expected to provide references for the preparation of implanted neural electrodes with excellent properties.
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Published: 15 January 2020
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| Fund:This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (501903068, 51903065, NSFC-NRF-5171101411), Startup Foundation of HIT (AUGA5710050219). |
About author:: Dan Yang received her B.S. degree in chemical technology from Northeast Forestry University in 2019. She is currently pursuing her Master degree at the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology under the supervision of Prof. Dianpeng Qi. Her research has focused on flexible electro-nics.
Yan Liu, received her B.S. degree in chemistry in 2008 from Mudanjiang Normal University, Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry in 2013 from Jilin University (China). From 2014 to 2016, she was a visiting scho-lar at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. She joined Harbin Institute of Technology in 2019, and currently she is an engineer in the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Her research is focused on the flexible electronics derived from biomass.
Dianpeng Qi received his B.S. degree in chemistry in 2007 and Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry in 2012 from Jilin University (China). From 2012 to 2018, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He joined Harbin Institute of Technology in 2018, and currently he is a full professor in the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. His research is focused on the flexible electronics for bio-electrophysiology, bio-medical electronics, bio-interfacial sensing and energy conversion. |
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2020, Vol. 34 
