汽车轻量化焊接技术发展现状与未来

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Abstract With people’s increasingly high requirements on the quality of living environment, green environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction have become the development direction of our society. In order to reduce the burden on the environment and energy caused by automobiles, the lightweight of automobiles has become a critical topic in the automotive industry. At present, the methods for achieving lightweight vehicles are optimized structural design, the use of lightweight materials and the use of advanced manufacturing technologies.
In the approach of automotive lightweight, it is a major research direction to use lightweight materials such as aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, high strength steels and composite materials, instead of part of steels. However, due to the poor weldability between different materials, it is difficult to obtain reliable welded joints by using traditional welding techniques. In recent years, researchers have made many important achievements in the welding of aluminum-steel and magnesium-steel, which have laid a theoretical foundation for the use of lightweight materials.
The application of advanced welding technology is closely related to material weldability and welding process. In order to improve the welding performance of aluminum and magnesium alloys and steel, many researchers choose to plate Zn, Cu, Ni, etc. on the surface of steel. The coated metal improves the wetting spread between the materials and changes the connection at the interface, thereby improving the joint strength and reliability of the welded joint.
The application of various advanced welding techniques has also broken through the limitations of traditional welding techniques. The cold metal transition technology is a combination of digital control and welding process, which achieves precise control of the heat input and obtains the ideal welding effect when the appropriate process is selected. Arc melting-brazing and laser welding techniques are highly efficient and widely used in the connection of dissimilar metals. Friction stir welding is a new type of solid phase joining technology. There are two combinations of metallurgical bonding and mechanical bonding in the weld, and the obtained welded joints are beautiful and firm, and have attracted people’s attention. Flame brazing is highly automated and flexible.
This paper reviews several advanced welding techniques that have a wide range of potential applications in the field of automotive lightweight. It not only summarizes the selection of welding process and the characteristics of different welding techniques, but also analyzes the weldability and applicability of lightweight materials. Finally, the future development trend of the welding technology is prospected, which provides reference for the development of automotive lightweight welding technology.

Key words： automotive lightweight lightweight materials aluminum-steel joint welding technology

Published: 25 November 2019

CLC number:

TG47

Fund:This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51675269) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

About author:: Yuhao Chen received his B.S. degree in material science and engineering from Henan University of Scie-nce and Technology in 2018. He is currently pursuing his Master’s degree at the College of Material Science and Technology in Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA) under the supervision of Prof. Songbai Xue. His research has focused on advanced welding technology.
Songbai Xue is currently a level-2 professor and Ph.D. supervisor at the College of Material Science and Technology in Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA). He has focused on welding materials and technology for decades. During these years, he formulated 5 national stan-dards and 5 professional stan-dards of Ministry of Machinery Industry. Besides, he earned more than thirty major research achievements, including a second prize of 2016 State Science and Technology Progress Award, a second prize of 2014 Technical Invention Award of the Ministry of Education, a third prize of National Defense Science and Technology Progress Award, et al.

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Cite this article:

CHEN Yuhao,XUE Songbai,WANG Bo, et al. Development Status and Future Direction of Welding Technology in the AutomotiveLightweight[J]. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(Z2): 431-440.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/ OR http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2019/V33/IZ2/431

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