MATERIALS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY MATERIALS AND MATERIALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION |
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Research Progress on Modification and Aging of Biochar and Its Environmental Implications |
YI Peng1,2,WU Guojuan1,2,3,DUAN Wenyan1,2,WU Min1,2,PAN Bo1,2,
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1 Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China 2 Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control,Kunming 650500,China 3 Faculty of Architectural Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China |
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Abstract Biochar is a carbon-rich solid material produced by pyrolysis of biomass under anoxic or anaerobic conditions. As an advanced multi-functional material, biochar has shown potential application in the field of soil remediation, greenhouse gas emission reduction and pollution control, which have attracted wide research attention. Various techniques have been developed to modify biochar in order to enhance their adsorption performance by changing the physical and chemical properties of biochar. However, when biochar enters the environment, the biological and abiotic processes can change its physical and chemical properties. As aging progresses, biochar is gradually degraded from surface to interior, the size of benzene ring is smaller, and the surface oxygen functional groups are increased. However, it is unknown how these modified biochars persist in the applied systems, let alone their potential environmental implications. Studies have shown that increased oxidation degree and surface functional group of biochar enhance the adsorption capacity of biochar, promote the interaction of biochar with soil components, plant nutrients and pollutants, and thus reduce the environmental risk of pollutants. Other studies have also indicated that the specific surface area and pore volume of biochars are reduced after aging, resulting in their reduction of adsorption capacity. Meanwhile, aging and modification may reduce the stability of biochar in the environment, leading to the release of biochar components (dissolved organic matter and dissolved black carbon) and endogenous pollutants. Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and short life free radicals produced by biochar can degrade organic pollutants by free radical pathway. Singlet oxygen (1O2) induced by biochar can also degrade organic pollutants in a non-free radical pathway. This paper reviewed the research progress on the modification of biochar, the structural changes during their aging, the uncertainty of interaction between biochar and chemical substances, the interaction between biochar and soil components, and the environmental risks of the modified and the aged biochar. The aging of modified biochar and its environmental effects were analyzed. Finally, the prospects about stability, functional effects and environmental risks of biochar after being applied are proposed. It is emphasized that the dynamic changes of biochar properties should be fully considered during its use and management. The intensive study on the practical application of biochar will provide the necessary theoretical basis for the establishment of its technical management and evaluation.
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Published: 03 January 2020
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Fund:This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41663013, 41703121, 41807377) and the Yunnan Provincial Key Research and Development Program, China (2018BC004). |
About author:: Peng Yi, received his B.S. degree in environmental engineering from the University of South China in 2016. He is currently a Ph.D. student at the Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology. His research on biochar environmental behavior is currently under the supervision of Prof. Bo Pan;Bo Pan, received his B.S. degree at the Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology in 1996 and received his Ph. D. degree in College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University in 2006. His postdoctoral research was conducted at University of Massachusetts, Amherst from 2006 to 2008. He is the dean of the Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology. His research is focused on organic carbon turnover, organic contaminant behavior and persistent free radicals. |
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