石墨烯在水环境中的转化和降解行为研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.201903004

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Abstract With the mass production and extensive applications of graphene, the graphene wastes and by-products are inevitably released into water environment, which brings about harmful ecological effect and enormously raises the exposure probability of graphene in the environment and human body. Therefore, the ecological toxicity and environmental effects of graphene have aroused wide attention from researchers. Graphene can get access to algae, mice, and induce the oxidation stress. It can also enter cells and interact with biological macro-molecules like DNA and protein, producing certain toxicity to living organisms. Besides, owing to the large specific surface area and strong π electron activity, graphene exhibits favorable adsorption performance for organic pollutants, which makes toxic or harmful substances in water environment enriched on graphene, and further changes the migration, transformation and ecological risk of pollutants.
It has been found that graphene mainly exists in agglomerated form in water environment, and shows biodegradability and strong hydrophobicity. While, its derivative, graphene oxide, can form a stable suspension in water, and presented long-term mobility and hydrophilicity. These features enable graphene in different forms undergo mutual transformation even degradation under the action of the external environment, resulting in changes of its physicochemical properties, mobility, and adsorption capacity. These changes will further affect other environmental behaviors of graphene such as migration trend, adsorption of environmental pollutants, and ecological toxicity. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the transformation and degradation of graphene for evaluating its environmental risk in water environment.In resent years, the mechanism between graphene and external conditions, such as physical and chemical properties of water, and chemical, optothermal, biological media has become the focus of research. By studying the changes of the structure and activity of graphene in environmental media, a theoretical reference can be provided for the analysis of dynamic changes of the ecological effects of graphene and their interactions with organic pollutants. Factors like pH, salt solution type, ionic strength, dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water environment affect the polymerization state of graphene in different degree. Especially, DOM can not only promote the dispersion of graphene through steric hindrance, but also promote the agglomeration of graphene by winding and cross-linking, which makes it more difficult to study the mechanism of transformation and degradation of graphene. The main reason for the change of structure and properties of graphene is the active free radical produced by graphene under light irradiation, and the mechanism of interaction between graphene and microorganisms is mainly attributed to enzymatic oxidation.
In this article, the process and mechanisms of the photo-transformation, thermal-transformation, chemical-transformation and bio-degradation of graphene are reviewed. The factors affecting the transformation and degradation of graphene in water environment and the environmental effects before and after transformation are analyzed.

Key words： graphene transformation bio-degradation environmental impact

Published: 13 February 2019

CLC number:

O613.71

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	Articles by authors
	MA Lixuan
	LI Kai
	NING Ping
	MEI Yi
	WANG Chi
	SUN Xin

Cite this article:

MA Lixuan,LI Kai,NING Ping, et al. Transformation and Degradation Behavior of Graphene in WaterEnvironment: a Review[J]. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(3): 395-401.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.201903004 OR http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2019/V33/I3/395

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