铝-空气电池阳极材料及其电解液的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.201901015

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Abstract Currently, metal-air batteries have attracted increasing attention due to their high energy density and capacity, stable discharge characteristics, low dependence on load and temperature, and low manufacturing costs. Among them, lithium-air batteries have been extensively investigated by virtue of their widespread application potential. However, lithium-air batteries are extremely sensitive to the surrounding environment, and are prone to cause explosion hazards that threaten personal safety. Furthermore, the mass production and application have led to a sharp rise in the price of lithium resources. For the sake of realizing commercial applications of batteries, selecting rich resources and low cost of electrode materials are extremely vital. Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the earth’s crust with a series of superior merits such as wide source, light quality, no pollution, safety, low price and high recovery efficiency, which is considered to be a potential energy storage material. Utilizing the aluminum as electrodes, it shows unique performance, for instance, heoretical mass specific capacity of aluminum is 2 980 mAh·g^-1, second only to lithium (3 860 mAh·g^-1), its volumetric specific capacity (8.04 Ah·cm^-3) is four times higher than that of lithium (2.05 Ah·cm^-3), making it an ideal candidate anode material for metal-air batteries and one of the most attractive alternatives to fossil fuels.
However, the passivation film formed by aluminum on the surface of air and aqueous solution significantly reduced the activity of aluminum anode material. In alkaline solution, the primal problem of aluminum-air battery is the high hydrogen precipitation rate, low Coulomb efficiency caused by the self-corrosion of the aluminum anode material, and capillary permeation and leakage in porous air cathode on account of the fluidity of the aqueous electrolyte. Hence, researchers have devoted great effort to ameliorate the activity of aluminum anode materials from the following aspects. Alloying elements like Ga, In, Sn, Zn, Mg, Bi and Mn have been introduced to change the activity of aluminium anode material and reduce hydrogen evolution reaction. Research on electrolyte additives have been carried out, and it is found that some plant extracts served as electrolyte additives are able to maintain the aluminum anode activity and reduce hydrogen evolution corrosion. Ionic liquid electrolytes, solid and gel electrolytes have been developed, which can reduce the aluminum anode corrosion and the volume of aluminum-air batteries, and increase the flexibility of battery.
Currently, the anode materials for alkaline aluminum-air batteries exhibiting superior properties are Al-Ga/In-Mg series, Al-Ga/In-Mg-Sn series, and Al-Ga-In-Bi-Pb series alloys. Some of the aluminum anode alloys have already been adopted to daily life. In addition, green electrolyte additives such as extracts of lupin and extracts of nightshade leaves that can maintain the electrochemical activity of aluminum anodes and reduce the corrosion rate have been obtained in recent years. Moreover, the investigators indicated that oligo-hydrogen fluoride ionic liquids at room temperature are capable of activating aluminum anodes and reducing theirs corrosion rate, certain portable aluminum-air batteries with solid or gel electrolytes have been already utilized in care medical equipment and commercial LED watch.
This paper chiefly discussed the effects of aluminum anode materials, electrolytes and electrolyte additives on the performance of aluminum-air batteries, and briefly expounded the basic principles, current challenges and recent developments and applications of aluminum-air batteries. Firstly, summarized the alloying of aluminum and alloying elements which can reduce the self-corrosion of aluminum and ameliorate the battery performance. Then, recommended several methods for enhancing the electrochemical performance of aluminum anodes by certain processing techniques. Besides, the writer probed the circumstances on applying water-solvent electrolytes and non-aqueous solvent electrolytes in aluminum-air batteries, and the effect of electrolyte additives on electrochemical performance of aluminum-air batteries. Finally, the future research and deve-lopment direction of air batteries was further clarified.

Key words： aluminum-air battery aluminum anode material electrolyte electrolyte additive electrochemical performance

Published: 24 January 2019

CLC number:

TM911

Fund:This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1864209).

About author:: Zibin Wu received his B.E. degree in Metallurgical Engineering from Liaoning University of Science and Technology in June 2014, He received his M.Sc. degree in Material Processing Engineering from Northeastern University in June 2017. He is currently a Ph.D. student in the EPM laboratory at Northeastern University. He is under the supervision of Prof. Chunyan Ban and Prof. Haitao Zhang. His research interest is the development of new energy aluminum-air batteries.Haitao Zhang, Northeastern University Key Laboratory of Materials Electromagnetic Process Research (EMP), Associate Professor, Master Tutor. He graduated from Northeast University in 2001 with material forming and control engineering. In September 2001, he entered the Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Mate-rials Electromagnetic Process Research at Tohoku University, and received a Ph.D. in 2007. He stayed in school in 2004 and was an associate professor at Northeastern University in 2015. His main research interest is light alloy numerical simulation, new energy battery development, metal matrix composites, electromagnetic preparation process and theoretical research. In recent years, as the person in charge, he has successively undertaken 25 scientific research projects, including the National Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund, the National 973, the National Support Plan, the National Postdoctoral Fund, the Ministry of Education Fundamental Research Funding Project, the National Project Breeding Seed Fund, and the Ministry of Education Project. Dr. Point Fund New Teacher Fund, provincial-level issues and a number of school-enterprise cooperation projects. Since September of 2007, he has published more than 50 papers in important academic journals at home and abroad, including 20 articles in SCI, 37 articles in EI, and 15 national invention patents.

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	WU Zibin
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Cite this article:

WU Zibin,SONG Sensen,DONG An, et al. Research Progress on Anode Materials and Electrolytes of Aluminum-Air Battery[J]. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(1): 135-142.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.201901015 OR http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2019/V33/I1/135

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