INORGANIC MATERIALS AND CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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Design of a Three-stage Metal Hydride Hydrogen Compressor and Progress of Hydrogen Compression Materials |
OUYANG Liuzhang1,2, PENG Zhuoya1, WANG Hui1,2, LIU Jiangwen1,2, ZHU Min1,2
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1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China 2 Advanced Energy Storage Materials Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China |
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Abstract Continuously rising concerns over dwindling resources of conventional energy and the environmental issues of burning fossil fuels have promoted extensive efforts on the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) powered by clean and renewable hydrogen energy. The onboard hydrogen compressed tank is a good choice for hydrogen storage, transportation, and usage in HFCVs systems. To increase the volumetric hydrogen storage density and ensure the safe application of tanks, the maximum pressure of tanks is limited to 70 MPa H2 by the Standard Organization Hydrogen Technical Committee. Currently, achieving safe and efficient charging/recharging of hydrogen is a linchpin in accelerating the marketization of HFCVs, thus stimulating higher requirements for the hydrogen compressors in hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs). To date, there are a series of disadvantages in most of the in-service HRSs using mechanical hydrogen compressors, such as poor safety, severe vibration and noise pollution, and high maintenance costs, etc. To overcome these issues, metal hydride hydrogen compressors (MHHCs) are applied in the filling of HFCVs systems, with hydrogen storage alloys acting as hydrogen compression materials, enabling different plateau pressures under varied temperatures. The MHHCs possess numerous advantages that merit their hydrogen storage applications, including reliable safety, environmental friendliness, high-efficiency hydrogen purification, and low maintenance costs, as opposed to the traditional ones. To meet the real-time demand of the output pressure and compression ratio, the MHHCs are designed as a series of multi-level hydrogen compressors by loading with different hydrogen compression materials. In this regard, the optimization of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the hydrogen compression materials is the pivotal factor for the whole metal hydride hydrogen compression system. The modification of hydrogen compression materials mainly focuses on alloying, namely, replacing the A-side of AB5 (such as LaNi5) alloy with mixed rare earth elements Mm and Ml and the B-side with Co, Al, Mn, Sn, etc. Owing to their low hydrogen absorption/desorption plateau, stable anti-poisoning performance as well as cycling stability, the modified AB5-type alloys are widely applied in high-density hydrogen storage or primary hydrogen compression materials. Similarly, the A and B sides of TiCr2 alloy can be usually substituted by Zr and V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, etc. The modified AB2-type alloys hold as much higher dehydrogenation/hydrogenation plateau and hydrogen storage capacity as the former ones, thus acting as intermediate or final-level hydrogen compression materials. Also, ZrFe2-based alloys with extremely high plateau pressures are considered as one of the potential materials for hydrogen compression. Overall, this review briefly narrates the working principle and characteristics of MHHCs and is followed by thedesign of three-stage hydrogen compressors. Afterward, we focus on the recent advances of the corresponding hydrogen compression materials. Finally, the future development of hydrogen compression materials is also discussed.
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Published: 13 January 2022
Online: 2022-01-13
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Fund:This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (2019YFB1505101) and Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51621001). |
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