| METALS AND METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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| A Review on the Plastic Behavior and Improvement of Plasticity in High Strength Ultrafine-grained Metallic Materials |
| WANG Yongqiang1,2, ZHU Guohui3, CHEN Qiwei3, DING Hanlin4, WAN Decheng5
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1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002;
2 State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083;
3 School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032;
4 School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021;
5 School of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210 |
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Abstract Strength and plasticity are the most important mechanicalproperties of structural materials. The key to high performance steels is to ensure favorable ductilityat high strength level.However, a metallic material cannot gain high ductility and high strength at the same time.Among the strengthening methods, grain refining has long been considered as the most ideal means for strengthening metals. It has been widely recognized that metals and alloys with refined grains generally exhibit substantially higher strength and ductility than their crystalline counterparts with coarse grains. Therefore, extensive researches on ultrafine-grained/nanocrystalline metallic materialshave been conducted over the past decades. The preparation method of ultrafine grain, represented by severe plastic deformation (SPD) and advanced thermomechanical processing (ATMP) technology, has been developed, which can refine the grain size to submicron or nanometer scale and greatly improve the metal properties.
However, a large number of studies have confirmed that the strength of the metal increases but the plasticity decreases drama-tically when the grain is refined to submicron or nanometer size, which is not consistent with the traditional law of grain refining strengthening. In regard to this phenomenon, on one hand, lots of works at home and abroad have been carried out to reveal or elucidate the mechanism of plasticity decrease caused by grain refining. Besides, because grain refining cannot guaranty good ductility of steels at highstrength level, it has been a hot topic to develop new means for strength and ductility improvement. In recent years, many techniques have been proposed for enhancing the property of ultrafine-grained materials and gratifying results have been achieved, but there are still some shortcomings.
At present, theories including dynamic recovery, dislocation annihilation, high initial dislocation density and dislocation source deletion mechanism are widely adopted to explain the decrease of plasticity of ultrafine-grained materials. The former three theories mainly focus on the low or absence of work hardening and ascribe the low or absence of work hardening to the reason of poor ductility, because the plastic instability (necking) or strain localization of materials could occur at early stage of deformation due to the low or absence of work hardening, resulting in poor elongation plasticity. At present, the studies of improving plasticity of ultrafine-grained metallic materials primarily focus on plasticizing methods and mechanisms. Which include the formation of nanoscale twins in materials, obtaining coarse/fine bimodal grain structure, TRIP/TWIP effective, formation of soft ferrite phase in hard matrix phase and precipitation of nanoscale second dispersed precipitates, etc. The mechanism of these methods is to improve the work hardening ability of ultrafine-grained metal by changing the structure, so as to maintain good uniform plastic deformation or improve the plasticity by phase transformation.
This review introduces the preparation methods of ultrafine-grained metallic materials, offers a retrospection of the research efforts to the plastic behavior and improvement of plasticity, analyze the insufficiency of previous works, and then discusses the trend and prospective of research on the ductility improvement of ultrafine-grained materials. It is expected to provide the inspiration and reference for the research on mechanism of plasticity decrease and ductility improvement.
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Published: 18 October 2018
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2018, Vol. 32 
