SURFACE ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY |
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Research Progress on High Temperature Tribological Properties of Ternary MAX Phase Layered Ceramic Materials |
ZHU Xianyong1,2, DING Zhenyu1, MA Guozheng2, PIAO Zhongyu1, FU Tianli2,3, ZHOU Li2, YU Tianyang2, GUO Weiling2, WANG Haidou2,3
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1 College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China 2 National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China 3 National Engineering Research Center for Remanufacturing, Army Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China |
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Abstract With the development of modern industry, traditional lubricating greases are difficult to meet the lubrication requirements of parts under high temperature conditions. As a new high-temperature self-lubricating material with a ternary laminar structure, MAX phase has received extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad in the field of high-temperature wear-resistant self-lubrication. The self-lubricating principle of MAX phase materials is that the M-position and A-position elements diffuse to the surface of the material and combine with the oxygen in the environment under the friction or thermal force, continuously forming a stable oxide lubricating film which can effectively reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate of the material. More than 80 kinds of MAX phases can be synthesized through experiments. Three of the most widely studied material systems are titanium-silicon carbon and their composites, titanium-aluminum carbon and their composites, and chromium-aluminum carbon and their composites. This paper focuses on the mechanical and tribological properties of the above three MAX phase materials and their composites. It is analytically found that the composition, working conditions and preparation technology of MAX phase ceramic composites have an important impact on the tribological properties of the materials. Good wettability is required between the components of MAX phase composites in order to form dense and uniform composites. For example, titanium silicon carbon has poor wettability with nickel but good wettability with copper. MAX phase self-lubricating material is difficult to form stable oxide lubricating film at lower temperature than 400 ℃ and under light load, and meanwhile the preparation technology at lower temperature can effectively prevent MAX phase materials from the thermal decomposition in the preparation process, which is more conducive to the formation of lubricating film on the surface of materials. It is worth noting that the titanium-aluminum-carbon material can release carbon to the surface and graphitize at room temperature, and its tribological properties at room temperature to 400 ℃ are better than other MAX phase materials. Through the analysis and comparison of MAX phase materials with different A-site elements, it is found that the diffusion rate of Al in the material is higher than that of Si, Ge and other elements, so the oxidation film formation rate and oxidation resistance of aluminum containing MAX phase materials are better than that of silicon containing MAX phase composites. At the same time, the oxides formed in situ by aluminum containing MAX phase materials can repair micro and nano cracks in the materials. Some new MAX phase materials with application potential in special fields, such as nuclear industry, energy storage materials and superconducting materials, are also introduced in this paper. Finally, the intrinsic characteristics and preparation technology of MAX phase materials are analyzed and summarized, and their application prospect and research direction in wide temperature range self-lubricating materials and complex engineering parts are prospected, in order to provide reference for the engineering application of MAX phase materials in high temperature wear-resistant self-lubricating field.
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Published:
Online: 2022-04-07
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Fund:National Natural Science Foundation of China (52075543,52122508,52130509). |
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