| MATERIALS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT：GREEN MANUFACTURING AND PROCESSING OF MATERIALS |
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| Radiation Modification of Carbon Nanomaterials and Their Application Progress |
| DAI Pei1, MA Huiling1, JIAO Yang1, ZHAI Maolin2, ZENG Xinmiao1
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1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Radiation Advanced Materials, Beijing Research Center for Radiation Application, Beijing 100015
2 Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 |
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Abstract Carbon material is one of the most important material in nature, possessing closest relationship with human beings. With the development of nano science and technology, intensive studies have been carried out on the functional carbon materials with nanostructure, and graphene, carbon nanotube and other carbon nanomaterials with excellent performances have emerged. The carbon nanomaterials feature mechanical strength, thermal and electrical conductivity, and enviro nment-friendliness, which can satisfy the requirements of green chemistry and sustainable development. Accordingly, its application in composite materials has become a research focus in related fields. The incorporation of carbon nanomaterials can significantly improve the properties of composite materials, and may even endow the composite materials with new properties. Therefore, carbon nanomaterials exhibit great application prospect in the fields of advanced functional materials.
However, suffering from their own structural defect, carbon nanomaterials present poor dispersion, compatibility and stability in solvent and polymer matrix, which blocks the exerting of performance of carbon nanomaterials, and may even leads to the degradation of the overall properties of composite materials. Consequently, optimizing the dispersibility and performance of carbon nanomaterials has always been a difficult and hot research topic. Chemical method can be adopted to optimize the dispersibility of carbon nanomaterials, while its operation process is complicated with high production cost, and most of the chemical reagents show strong toxicity. In recent years, the radiation modification of carbon nanomaterials has received extensive attention. The preparation and functionalization of carbon nanomaterials by radiation technology can significantly improve the dispersibility and compatibility with the matrix of carbon nanomaterials.
Radiation etching and reduction are simple and efficient methods to prepare carbon nanomaterials, by which the structure of carbon nanomate-rials can be designed. For example, the short cut carbon nanotubes can be prepared by radiation, the obtained carbon nanotubes possess reduced length and improved dispersibility. Moreover, The graphene oxide can also be reduced by high energy ray, which provides a new method and new idea for the preparation of graphene with simple and high efficiency. Radiation grafting may be employed for surface modification of carbon nanomaterials. For instance, the graft polymerization of ester and aromatic polymers containing carbon and carbon double bonds on the surface of carbon nanotubes or graphene improves the dispersion properties of carbon nanomaterials in solvent and polymer matrix, which is helpful to the preparation of various high-performance functional materials.
In this article, recent advances in radiation modification and application of carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and carbon nanofibers are reviewed. The excellent properties of these three kinds of carbon nanomaterials and the latest progress of their composite materials in biotechnology and medicine, smart material and energy fields are summarized. The advantages of radiation modified carbon nanomaterials are analyzed, and the future research direction of combining radiation technology with carbon nanomaterials is proposed. With the development of research on radiation modification of carbon nanomaterials, the carbon nanomaterials with good dispersion quality are expected to achieve large-scale and low-cost continuous mass production. In the future, there will be more extensive application prospects of functional carbon nanomaterial composites with high performances.
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Published: 13 February 2019
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2019, Vol. 33 
