| POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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| Research Advance in Cellulose Fibril Aggregates Structure of Plant Cell Wall |
| JIN Kexia, JIANG Zehui, LIU Xinge, YANG Shumin, TIAN Genlin, MA Jianfeng
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| Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102 |
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Abstract Cellulose is a linear homopolymer of β-1, 4-linked D-glucan chain, where the glucan chains further gather into cellulose fibril aggregates which including sub-elementary fibril,elementary fibrils, microfibrils and macrofibrils with different bundle size. The cellulose fibril aggregates existing in the cell wall plays a skeleton supporting role so that gives the cell wall excellent tensile strength.Cellulose is one of the most abundant natural polymer materials with characteristic of renewable, biodegradable, biocompatibility, which has been widely used in light industry, chemical industry, energy and environmental protection.The development and utilization of cellulose are closely related to the size, morphology, arrangement, crystallinity and crystalline structure of cellulose fiber aggregates.
However, the size, morphology, arrangement of cellulose fibril aggregates varies greatly with the sample preparation method, biomass source, matrix content and cell type. Moreover, the cellulose fibril aggregates is embedded in a matrix of lignin, hemicellulose and pectin in plant cell wall, which limits the extraction and utilization of cellulose. Therefore, researchers have extensively studied the effects of different chemical pretreatment methods (ionic liquid, alkali, acid) and their influencing factors (concentration, temperature, time, etc.) on the cellulose fibril aggregates and the matrix compounds around the filament for better understanding and utilization of cellulose. Among the chemical pretreatment methods, ionic liquid treatment could cause cell wall swelling, change cellulose crystal structure, decrease crystallinity, and even separate cellulose fibril aggregates into single cellulose chain. Moreover, the solubility and dissolution pattern for cell wall components varied with ionic liquids types. Alkali treatment could effectively dissolve lignin and a small amount of hemicellulose in cell wall thus made the surface roughness and surface porosity reduced. The variation of cellulose fiber aggregate size, crystal structure and crystallinity were correlated with alkali concentration, pretreatment time and temperature. Dilute acids could dissolve hemicellulose and a small amount of lignin particles at the same time thus increase the surface roughness of cell wall. Cellulose fibril aggregates would be further hydrolyzed into cellulose nanocrystals by concentrated acid. Cellulose nanocrystals with high modulus, high specific surface area and high crystallinity can be further used as matrix, template, dispersant and reinforcement in various composite materials.
In the present review, the component units and biosynthetic process of cellulose fibril aggregates are summarized firstly, then the different size, arrangement and their influence factors of cellulose fibril aggregates in various biomass at tissue and cell levels are briefly introduced. On this basis, the mechanism and influence of different pretreatment methods (ionic liquid, alkali,andacid) on cellulose fibril aggregates of size, morphology, crystalline and crystal transition are discussed in detail. Finally, the development direction of cellulose fibril aggregates is prospected.
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Published: 23 July 2019
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| Fund:This work was financially supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (2017YED0600804) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31500497). |
About author:: Kexia Jin received her B.S. degree in wood science and technology from Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyInner in 2015. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D. at the International Center for Bamboo and Rattan. Her research has focused on bamboo cell wall and preparation and properties of nanocrystalline composite films.
Jianfeng Ma received his B.E. degree in forestry from Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University in 2006 and received his Ph.D. degree in chemical processing engineering of forest products from the Beijing Forestry University in 2011. His research interests are topoche-mical, component separation characterization of plant cell wall, and preparation and application of functional nanocellulose. Now, he has been presided National Natural Science Foundation of China once, key projects of basic scientific research of International Center Bamboo and Rattan twice, and participating in one of key national research and development projects of the 13th five-year plan and two of National Natural Science Foundation of China, which has been published more than 20 research papers inrelated field.
Zehui Jiang is an academician of the international timber academy, professor, doctoral supervisor and academic leader of Wood/Bamboo/Rattan Science and Technology. She is also deputy director of the standing committee on state administration of forestry and grassland, chairman of the international center of bamboo and rattan, honorary doctor of st. Petersburg National University of Forestry and Technology. She has been engaged in the teaching, research and technology management of forest utilization science, wood science and technology as well as ecology. |
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2019, Vol. 33 
