POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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A Survey on the Study of Biomass-based Thermosensitive Smart Materials |
LIU Dexiang, LIU Wu, YE Zhihui, WU Zhiping
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School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004 |
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Abstract Thermosensitive materials are recognized as one of the most significant smart materials at present. Thermosensitive homopolymers show superior environmental sensitivity, nevertheless they suffer from poor mechanical properties, which cannot meet the applied requirements. Furthermore, it is difficult to alter the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of some thermosensitive polymers, which blocks their widespread application. The combination or graft copolymerization of the thermosensitive materials with other substrates will greatly contribute to the properties of thermosensitive polymer. Meanwhile, the critical temperature of some thermosensitive materials can be adjusted by changing the material composition or ratio, thus their application field can be expanded. The majority of the raw materials for preparing the thermosensitive materials are derived from non-renewable petroleum resources. The growing deficits of petroleum resources has given impetus to seek other alternative resources. Biomass, as a renewable resource, is widely distributed in nature, showing the advantages of abundant reserves and sustainable utilization. Especially, their active functional groups, including hydroxyl, amine, ether and carboxyl groups, can provide a variety of active sites, which is an ideal substrate for preparing thermosensitive materials by graft copolymerization with thermosensitive monomers. Biomass materials that have been successfully applied in biomass thermo-sensitive smart materials include cellulose, cellulose ether, hemicellulose, lignin, chitosan, etc. However, the graft copolymerization method for preparing biomass-based temperature-sensitive smart materials is short of diversity. The temperature-sensitive materials prepared by conventional free radical copolymerization bear the narrow temperature response range, large generation of homopolymers difficult to separate, and single morphology of mate-rial. The approach of graft copolymerization of biomass thermosensitive materials has developed from common free radical polymerization by initiators to highly controllable free radical polymerization for photoinitiated free radical polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP), single electron transfer mediated living radical polymerization (SET-LRP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). A variety of thermosensitive monomers can be selected, among them, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) received most research attentions. It possesses a clear critical solution temperature, a close LCST with human body temperature. The thermosensitive membranes, thermo-sensitive hydrogels and thermo-sensitive microspheres prepared by NIPAM together with biomaterials exhibit extensive application in drug release, tissue engineering, industrial and agricultural, etc. In this article, we present a detailed overview of the approaches for preparing temperature sensitive materials by biomass macromolecules, summarize the character of the grafting copolymerization, and introduce the temperature-sensitive substances involved in the preparation of thermo-sensitive materials, mechanism of temperature response and the application of biomass thermosensitive materials. Finally, we point out the difficulties existing in the preparation and application of biomass thermosensitive smart materials, and the future development of technology.
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Published: 15 August 2019
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About author:: Dexiang Liu received his B.E. degree in food quality and safety from Qilu University of Technology in 2017.Zhiping Wu received his B.E. degree in chemical processing of forest products from Central South University of Forestry in 1993 and received his Ph.D. degree in applied chemistry from Central South University in 2006. |
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