石墨烯量子点的制备及在生物传感器中的应用研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.18010096

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Abstract Graphene belongs to two dimension carbon nanomaterial composed of a layer of carbon atoms arranged in sp² hybrid orbitals with honeycomb lattice. The π electrons in graphene exhibit notable delocalization effect doe to its large planar conjugate structure. Graphene shows many amazing electronic or electrical properties, such as room temperature quantum hall effect, free transport properties, high carrier mobility, low resistivity, excellent optical properties and mechanical properties. Unfortunately, different from most other two-dimensional materials, the graphene of large size bears zero band gap and semi-metallic property, which hinders its application in the fields of photoelectric device, semiconductor and so forth.
Accordingly, how to open the band gap of graphene and transform it from semi-metallic material to semiconductor material has aroused nume-rous interests. Currently, there are two known approaches to open the band gap of graphene. One is to to break the π electronic conjugate system of graphene by chemical doping. The other is to tailor graphene into nanorods, nanosieves, or quantum dots based on their quantum effects. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are segments of two-dimensional graphene with plane size less than 100 nm. Thanks to the quantum confined effect and boundary effect, GQDs are endowed with special physical and chemical properties, and they are also semiconductor materials with band gap. GQDs are superior to conventional semiconductor quantum dots, owing to their low toxicity, favorable water solubility, low chemical activity, satisfactory biocompatibility and stable fluorescence properties. Besides, GQDs possess monatomic planar conjugate structure and large specific surface area, and the oxygen groups on the GQDs surface can provide active site for the binding of foreign molecules. Consequently, GQDs show a broad prospect of application in solar cells, optoelectronic devices, biological medicine and other fields.
The synthesis approaches of GQDs can be divided into top-down and bottom-up methods. The top-down method mainly includes strong acid oxidation, hydrothermal/solvothermal reactions, electrochemical oxidation,and so forth, which feature good water solubility and is prone to be functionalized. The bottom-up method is mainly divided into controllable organic synthesis and carbonization reaction. As for the former, GQDs with uniform size and shape, and precise carbon atom number can be obtained, but it suffers from complicated synthtic process, long reaction time and low production rate. While the latter is the common reaction for the synthesis of GQDs, although the size and structure of the products can be hardly to control, and the obtained GQDs usually present polydispersity. This paper comprehensively introduces the diverse synthesis approaches of GQDs, and provide detailed comments on these approaches. At the same time, the reaction mechanism of important or novel methods are expounded. In addition, emphasis is put on the applications of GQDs in the field of biosensors. Finally, the research and development of the GQDs in the future is proposed.

Key words： graphene quantum dots top-down bottom-up biosensor

Published: 10 April 2019

CLC number:

TQ127.1

Fund:This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51402168)and the Educational Committee of Hubei Province(B2015252)

About author:: Weifeng Chen received his Ph.D. degree (2009) from School of materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, China. Then, he began to conduct his post-doctoral research at Peking University. Currently, he is a lecturer in College of materials and Chemical Engineering at China Three Gorges University. His main research interests focus on preparation and application of functional nanomaterials, especially graphene.Zhongxu Dai received his B.S. degree in 1991(Central China Normal University), m.S.(1997) and Ph.D.(2001) degrees in Wuhan University, China. Then, he began his academic career at College of materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University. He entered Wuhan University as a postdoctoral researcher from 2002 to 2004. Since 2013, he has been a professor at China Three Gorges University. His main research activities involve electrochemical synthesis of nanomaterials and preparation of direct alcohol fuel cell.

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Cite this article:

CHEN Weifeng,LYU Guo,TAO Huachao, et al. A Survey on the Synthesis and Application in Sensors of Graphene Quantum Dots[J]. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(7): 1156-1162.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.18010096 OR http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2019/V33/I7/1156

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