Abstract: Structural color is a physical effect of producing color, which arises from interference, diffraction, or scattering of light by micro- or nanostructures with the scale of light wavelength. Distinct from chemical color originated from pigment, structural color is promising to improve the fade phenomenon and to avoid the environmental contamination caused by the dyeing process owing to the absence of pigment or dye. Structural color materials have attracted great attention in both scientific research and industry. Generally, structural color can be generated by using photonic crystals or amorphous photonic crystals. Photonic crystal consists of periodic ordered structure which is effective to produce vivid color but the color is angle-dependent. However, amorphous photonic crystals that possess only short-range order structure owing to their own ‘defects’ show interesting optical responses, such as isotropic photonic bandgaps or pseudogaps, non-iridescent structural colors, and light localization. These unique properties endow amorphous photonic crystals the coloration effect of mild bright and angle-independent, the controllable lasing and excellent light extraction efficiency, which meets the need in the field of unique light scattering and transport. This review summarizes the conception and structure of amorphous photonic crystal, the principle of producing structural color, as well as artificial fabrication of structural color materials with a variety of the methods, including plate etching method, self-assembly of colloid particles, template method and phase separation. Finally, the potential applications of amorphous photonic crystals in photoelectric devices, painting, textile or other expected fields are discussed.
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