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Fundamental Problems and Applications of Recycled Fine Powder Derived from Waste Concrete
XIAO Jianzhuang, YE Taohua, SUI Tongbo, POON Chi Sun
Materials Reports
2023,37(10 ):22120116 -10. DOI:10.11896/cldb.22120116
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Resourcing of waste concrete and its application as recycled aggregates have made significant progress. However, research on recycled fine powder derived from waste concrete is still limited. Therefore, this paper focuses on the preparation, characterization, and modification of recycled fine powder, clarifies the mechanisms for its fundamental problems such as high component discreteness (i.e., the number of mineral phase species) and low activity index, and proposes a novel solution, that is, the introduction of particle shaping and strong magnetic separation technologies into the preparation process of recycled fine powder, followed by carbonation modification. It is expected that the above-mentioned problems can be addressed by taking carbonated recycled fine powder with ultra-high paste content as the outlet. Furthermore, low-carbon application scenarios of recycled fine powder are discussed, including Portland-recycled fine powder cement, 3D-printed recycled mortar, and fully recycled concrete. Further research and value-added use of recycled fine powder are known to be significant for the improvement in resourcing ratio of waste concrete as well as for the green and low-carbon development in building industry.
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Research Progress on Pyrolysis and Resource Utilization of Municipal Sewage Sludge in Context of ‘Peak Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Carbon Neutrality'
HUANG Yanqin, ZHEN Yuhang, WANG Chenzhou, NING Xiaoyang, LIU Lanling, LI Kai, ZHAO Li, LU Qiang
Materials Reports
2023,37(10 ):23020016 -6. DOI:10.11896/cldb.23020016
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With the increasingly strict environmental requirements for municipal sewage sludge (MSS) treatment in China, pyrolysis as an emerging technology for harmless treatment and resource utilization of sludge has received more and more attention. Based on the basic characteristics of MSS in China, this paper reviews the research progress of sludge pyrolysis technology at home and abroad, including the basic principles of MSS pyrolysis and its main influencing factors, characteristics and resource utilization of pyrolysis products, and the common pyrolysis units for MSS. Then, the future research direction for MMS pyrolysis and resource utilization is pointed out, which can provide reference for high-value resource utilization of MSS in China.
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Research Progress of Utilization of Red Mud in Building Materials and Geopolymer Composites
LIU Xiaoming, ZHANG Zengqi, LI Yu, ZHANG Na, WANG Yaguang, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Yihe
Materials Reports
2023,37(10 ):23020109 -14. DOI:10.11896/cldb.23020109
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Red mud is a kind of industrial solid waste with low comprehensive utilization rate, and its large-scale, complete and safe utilization is very important for the green development of the electrolytic aluminum industry. The preparation of building materials products is the major way to realize the large-scale utilization of industrial solid wastes. Cementitious materials with excellent properties such as cement or geopolymer can be prepared by taking full advantage of the high alkalinity of red mud. The total content of the solid wastes in building blocks and road base materials prepared by red mud could exceed 90% due to the synergistic effect between various raw materials. At the same time, the production of ceramic or ceramisite is a green, low carbon, high value and efficient way to consume red mud. Using red mud as filler of composite polymer materials can also realize the high value-added utilization of red mud. In recent years, researchers have carried out systematic research on the recycling and utilization of red mud to prepare cementitious materials, building blocks, road base materials, ceramisites and composite polymer materials, and some of the results have been popularized in industrialization. This paper mainly introduces the latest progress of the utilization of red mud in preparation of building materials and composite polymer materials, and puts forward suggestions on the improvement of the comprehensive utilization rate of red mud from the aspects of basic theoretical research, application technology development and the national policy guidance.
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Preparation and Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Performance of Nitrogen Doped Regenerated Activated Carbon
YE Jiahong, LI Denian, YANG Jizhang, ZHAO Yue, YUAN Haoran, CHEN Yong
Materials Reports
2023,37(10 ):22080168 -7. DOI:10.11896/cldb.22080168
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In order to solve the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by the traditional recycling of hazardous waste activated carbon, this work prepared a nitrogen-doped regenerated waste activated carbon oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst by using anti-biotic decolorization waste activated carbon as raw material and ammonia gas as nitrogen source, and the nitrogen element was bonded into the activated carbon skeleton through sp
2
hybridization by high temperature pyrolysis regeneration. The physical composition, microscopic morphology and electrochemical properties of the nitrogen-doped regenerated activated carbon were analyzed. The results showed that the best perfor-mance of the prepared N-RWAC-1000-1 oxygen reduction electrocatalyst was achieved when the temperature was 1 000 ℃ and the annealing time was 1 h. The N-RWAC-1000-1 had abundant microporous and mesoporous structures with a specific surface area up to 908 m
2
/g. The starting potential in alkaline medium was 0.92 V (vs.RHE), the half-wave potential was 0.82 V (vs.vs.RHE), both close to commercial 20wt% platinum carbon catalysts. In addition, the nitrogen-doped regenerated carbon possesses better cycling stability and methanol tolerance than commercial platinum carbon and is expected to be a new oxygen reduction catalyst. It also provides a new direction for the high-value utilization of antibiotic decolorization waste activated carbon.
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Potential, Approaches and Challenges of Producing Renewable Lubricating Oil from Waste Biomass-based Crude Oil
CAO Maojiong, WANG Yingxian, LIU Zhidan
Materials Reports
2023,37(10 ):22120087 -10. DOI:10.11896/cldb.22120087
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Hydrothermal liquefaction technology can provide biocrude oil from fresh biomass waste, which shows similar properties. High value utilization is one of the main directions of biocrude development. This paper reviews the potential and ways of preparing lubricating oil from bio-based crude oil. The types of common nitrogenous biomass and the characteristics of biocrude were summarized. The characteristics of biocrude before and after fractionation were analyzed. The characteristics of vegetable oil and the technology of modified preparation of lubricating oil were summarized, and the properties of nitrogen-containing additives to improve the lubrication performance and biodegradability of lubricating oil products were discussed. Comparing the preparation methods, current situation and problems of traditional lubricating oil and plant-based lubricating oil, the development of hydrothermal liquefaction technology in the preparation of lubricating oil is proposed, which provides theoretical reference for realizing the high value of biocrude and the new preparation method of lubricating oil.
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Effect of Steel Slag Content on Performance of Rubber Mixture ARAC-13
LIU Li, ZHU Xiaoming, LIU Zhaohui, LI Wenbo, YANG Chengcheng, HUANG You, LIU Leixin
Materials Reports
2023,37(10 ):22080175 -7. DOI:10.11896/cldb.22080175
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To improve the comprehensive utilization rate and economic benefit of steel slag and optimize the environment, the volume substitution method was used to design the composition of steel slag asphalt mixture. The volume stability of steel slag asphalt mixture was analyzed by designing a new method of expansion failure test. Through the rutting test, freeze-thaw splitting test, and low-temperature beam bending test, the road performance of ARAC-13 asphalt mixture with different steel slag contents was studied, and the economic benefits of steel slag asphalt mixture pavement were evaluated based on the Coastal Highway Project in Guangxi. The results showed that the volume relative density of the ARAC-13 asphalt mixture and the optimum asphalt content are both positively correlated with the steel slag content. The increase in steel slag content will reduce the volume stability of the mixture and increase the risk of volume expansion. When the steel slag replaces the coarse aggregate with 100% volume, the dynamic stability, residual stability, freeze-thaw splitting strength ratio, maximum flexural strain (-10 ℃), pendulum value, and structural depth of the ARAC-13 asphalt mixture are improved, to some varying degrees. A large amount of steel slag (100vol%) can not only significantly improve the road performance of ARAC-13 asphalt mixture, but also save about 7.0% of the material cost, which has great application prospects and economic value.
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Preparation and Application in Paper of Micro-nano Lignocellulose-based Ammonium Polyphosphate Flame Retardant
LU Haimei, WANG Chao, WANG Hongkun, ZHANG Lijiaqi, HUANG Yong, WU Min
Materials Reports
2023,37(10 ):22020161 -1. DOI:10.11896/cldb.22020161
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In this work, a green and efficient lignocellulose-based flame retardant (ALC) was prepared by loading ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on the lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNF) obtained from agricultural waste straw by mechanical ball milling under water system conditions. The flame retardant was added into paper pulp to prepare retardant paper and the flame retardant effect of the paper was investigated. The results showed that ALC retardants could be uniformly dispersed in the paper, contrast to the serious aggregation of APP which was directly added into the paper pulp. With only 10wt% of ALC content, the ignited paper displayed a self-extinguishing phenomenon after moving away from the fire and turned into char. The ALC paper possessed a limiting oxygen index of 36.4%. Compared with the pure paper, the maximum heat release rate and total heat release of the ALC paper were reduced by 48.1% and 77.1%, respectively. The residual carbon content was increased by 314.9wt% as well owing to the existence of lignin components in LCNF. At the same time, the mechanical properties of paper were also enhanced because of the high aspect ratio of LCNF. In conclusion, this work proposed a facile method for preparing an efficient, green, flame retardant with great potential for practical applications in paper industry.
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Preparation of CaO-loaded Municipal Sludge Biochar as Excellent Hybrid Catalyst for Transesterification
YANG Jizhang, LI Denian, TAN Qiang, LIAO Daxiu, YUAN Haoran, CHEN Yong
Materials Reports
2023,37(10 ):21110211 -6. DOI:10.11896/cldb.21110211
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Municipal sludge biochar with surface-anchoredcalcium oxide (CaO@SBC) were facilely prepared following a soaking, drying and pyrolysis process on basis of the municipal sludge biochar matrix. The influences of methanol/oil molar ratio, reaction time, catalyst dosage and temperature on catalytic activity were investigated. Under reaction conditions of the molar ratio of alcohol to oil, the reaction time, the catalyst dosage and the reaction temperature were 9∶1, 180 min, 7wt% and 100 ℃, respectively, the highest biodiesel yield up to 97.2% was achieved with the 30CaO@SBC-600. The biodiesel yield up to 98.0% was achieved in the 110 ℃, and it maintained as high as 85.6% even after ten cycles of consecutively alternate catalysis and regeneration process. Along with renewable and efficient catalyst, this hybrid catalyst offered a novel way for value-added utilization of municipal sludge.
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