| INORGANIC MATERIALS AND CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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| Mechanical Properties and Micro-mechanisms of EICP Reinforced CompositeSoil with Rock Fragments Modified by Xanthan Gum |
| YANG Yueshu1,2,4, ZHENG Kai1,2,4, YANG Qi3, YANG Chao1,2, XIAO Hai1,2,4, WU Jian1,2, ZHOU Mingtao1,2,4, XIA Zhenyao1,2,4, XU Wennian1,2,4, LIU Daxiang1,2,4,*
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1 Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, Yichang 443000, Hubei, China
2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (China Three Gorges University), Yichang 443000, Hubei, China
3 Power China Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited, Guiyang 550081, China
4 Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Slope Habitat Construction Technique Using Cement-based Materials (China Three Gorges University), Yichang 443000, Hubei, China |
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Abstract Around the strongly weathered rock slopes, rock fragments resources are abundant but difficult to utilize. How to organically combine local consumption of the rock fragments with geotechnical-ecological cooperative protection for the slope is a subject worthy of attention. Based on the enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP) technology modified by xanthan gum, the solidification tests of rock-fragment-based vegetation substrate with different xanthan gum dosages, rock fragments particle sizes and dosages were conducted. Combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, the micro-mechanism of EICP reinforced composite soil with rock fragments modified by xanthan gum was explored. The results showed the reinforcement effect of EICP on the composite soil was significantly improved by the addition of xanthan gum, and an obvious improvement for soil ductility was also observed with the increase of xanthan gum dosages. Moreover, the xanthan gum extends the residence time of EICP reaction solutions that alters the calcium carbonate distribution pattern in the samples. When xanthan gum dosage was 1%, the stable xanthan gum-clay particle aggregates are formed due to the connection between carboxyl or hydroxyl groups of the xanthan gum and the ionic or hydrogen on the clay particle surface, which can provide more nucleation sites for the EICP reaction, thereby increasing the effective calcium carbonate among soil particles. However, the size of the xanthan gum-clay particle aggregates is too large to have a positive effect when xanthan gum dosage is 5%, which results in increasing the spacing between soil particles and the proportions of mesopore and macropore. Then the soil stability is reduced by the uneven pore distribution, and the effective calcium carbonate among soil particles is suppressed due to more calcium carbonate being formed on the surface of aggregates; thereby, the strength of composite soil decreases. Therefore, the suitable dosage of xanthan gum is 1%—3%, which can meet the strength requirement of rock-fragment-based vegetation substrate.
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Received: 10 May 2026
Published:
Online: 2026-05-18
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2026, Vol. 40 
