| Inorganic Materials and Ceramic Matrix Composites |
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| Progress on the Application of Nanomaterials in Solar Distillation |
| YANG Delong1,2, JI Xu1,2,*, CHEN Ying1, WANG Cong1,2, HAN Jingyang1,2, XU Haiyang1,2, LIAO Chao1,2
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1 Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
2 Thermal Engineering Laboratory, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China |
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Abstract Solar desalination is one of the effective methods to alleviate the pressure of freshwater resources in the world. The low distillation efficiency is the main factor limiting its development in the traditional solar desalination system. Nanomaterials have been widely used in solar distillation systems to enhance the conversion rate of light-heat-steam due to their have unique optical and thermodynamic properties, which can absorb solar rediation and convert it into heat. In recent years, solar distillation technology has developed rapidly because of the nanofluids and interface photothermal technology.
Nanofluids are used to replace the traditional fluid as heat transfer working fluid in solar distillation system because the thermal conductivity of solid nanoparticles is much larger than that of liquid matrix. Recent studies reveal that nanofluids show strong absorption and heat collection performance when used in passive and active distillation systems, the distillation water production increase by more than 25% in those systems, and the maximum increase is about 130%. In addition, the nanofluids have an independent steam generation capacity. The fluids heat up rapidly and generate steam using the sunlight simulator. The thermal utilization efficiency is up to 73%, and the water yield is nearly 50% higher than that of pure water.
Interfacial photothermal technology refers to that nano-absorbers absorb sunlight and act on thin layer of water molecules at the interface between water and air under the action of interfacial materials, instead of the whole water body to be evaporated. The main materials that can be used as interface photothermal materials are as follows: plasma, nanostructured gel, composite materials with metal or metal oxide coatings, carbon matrix composites, ionic liquid membranes and some degradable organic materials. In the interfacial photothermal distillation system, the interfacial heat utilization efficiency and water production rate were significantly increased due to the strong absorption and porous properties of materials. Among them, carbon-based materials are widely used because of their low cost, easy modification, non-toxicity and other advantages. Besides, developing environmentally friendly supporting structures is an important research area for the development of interfacial distillation.
In this paper, the application and research progress of nanomaterials in solar distillation in recent years are reviewed. The main results of nano-fluid technology and interfacial photothermal technology in solar distillation system are summarized respectively. At the same time, the working principles, advantages and disadvantages of various materials are briefly introduced and their development prospects are prospected.
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Published: 17 November 2020
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| Fund:This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51766018), the Yunnan University Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Construction Project (201810681011). |
About author:: Delong Yang graduated from the School of Energy and Environmental Sciences of Yunnan Normal University in July 2018, received his B.E. degree. In the same year, interviewed for “4+2” postgraduate study at Solar Energy Research Institute. Under the guidance of Professor Ji Xu, the main research field is solar desalination.
Xu Ji, professor, doctoral supervisor, young and middle-aged academic and technical leaders in Yunnan Province, Outstanding Young Teachers in Colleges and Universities in Yunnan Province. Received a doctorate from Peking University in 2009. Then worked in Singapore Nanyang University of Technology as Research Fellow. At present, professor Xu Ji works in Yunnnan Normal University,and mainly engaged in solar energy utilization, solar concentrating technology, solar refrigeration, direct evaporation air conditioning and solar steam generation. |
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2020, Vol. 34 
