钛铁矿提取TiO2及制备钛白粉研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.24010240

材料导报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (7): 24010240-10 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24010240

无机非金属及其复合材料

钛铁矿提取TiO₂及制备钛白粉研究进展

杨双宇, 廖亚龙^*, 贾小宝, 武敏

昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院, 昆明 650093

Research Progress on TiO₂ Extraction and Preparation of Titanium Dioxide from Ilmenite

YANG Shuangyu, LIAO Yalong^*, JIA Xiaobao, WU Min

Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

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摘要我国的钛矿资源约占全球钛资源储量的1/3,但主要以钛、铁共生的原生钛(磁)铁矿形态存在,高效利用的工艺复杂,难度大。本文综述了钛铁矿提取TiO₂并制备钛白粉的工艺现状,分析了各种方法的特征及优缺点。分析表明,制备方法主要有硫酸法、盐酸法、氟化法、亚熔盐法及碱性焙烧法。硫酸法对原料的要求较低,是我国生产钛白粉的主流工艺,但存在生产流程长、产品质量偏低、副产物难处理以及三废排放等问题。盐酸法采用萃取工艺分离铁,存在钛铁共萃以及盐酸易挥发导致设备腐蚀的问题,还存在萃取剂的价格高和回收利用难等缺陷。氟化法采用NH₄F或 NH₄HF₂为浸出剂,具有反应条件温和的优点,但存在设备腐蚀问题。亚熔盐法采用高浓度的KOH液相介质分解钛铁矿,虽然反应条件较为温和,三废排放也较少,但存在亚熔盐消耗量大、碱液循环利用难度大的缺陷。碱性焙烧法采用弱酸分解焙烧后的钛铁矿,工艺上具有优越性,但存在碱性物质消耗大、成本高的问题,仍处于研究阶段。以钛铁矿为原料制备钛白粉,仍需要优化和完善传统工艺,并加大新工艺研发投入,以消除现有制备方案的缺点,促进钛白粉行业的健康发展。

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关键词: 钛铁矿钛白粉硫酸法盐酸法

Abstract: Titanium resources in China account for about one-third of the global titanium resources reserves, but they exist mainly in the form of primary titanium (magnetic) iron ore where titanium and iron are symbiosed, and it is complicated and difficult to efficiently utilize this kind of resources. The technological status of TiO₂ extraction from ilmenite and production of titanium dioxide is reviewed in the summary. The characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of various methods are analyzed. The analysis shows that the main preparation methods are sulfuric acid method, hydrochloric acid method, fluorination method, molten salt method and alkaline roasting method. Sulfuric acid method, the main stream process for the production of titanium dioxide in China, has low requirements on raw materials, but there are several problems such as long production process, low product quality, difficult treatment of by-products and “three wastes” discharge. Hydrochloric acid method, using extraction process to separate iron, has some problems such as co-extraction of ferrotitanium and equipment corrosion caused by volatile hydrochloric acid, and some defects such as high price of extractant and difficult recycling. The fluorination method, using NH₄F or NH₄HF₂ as the leaching agent, has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, but has the problem of equipment corrosion. The submolten salt process, using a high concentration of KOH liquid phase medium to decompose ilmenite, has advantages of mild reaction conditions and low “three wastes” discharge, but has the defects of large consumption of submolten salt and difficult recycling of lye. Alkaline roasting method, using weak acid to decompose ilmenite after roasting, is superior in technology, but has problems of large consumption of alkaline substances and high cost. It is still in the research stage. To prepare titanium dioxide with ilmenite as raw materials, it is still necessary to optimize and improve the traditional process, and increase the investment in research and development of new processes, in order to eliminate the shortcomings of the existing preparation scheme and promote the healthy development of the titanium dioxide industry.

Key words: ilmenite titanium dioxide sulfuric acid process hydrochloric acid process

出版日期: 2025-04-10 发布日期: 2025-04-10

ZTFLH:

TQ624

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(21978122)

通讯作者: *廖亚龙,昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院教授、博士研究生导师。目前主要从事冶金物理化学、无机材料制备等方面的研究工作。liaoylsy@163.com

作者简介: 杨双宇,昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院硕士研究生,在廖亚龙教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为资源综合利用。

引用本文:

杨双宇, 廖亚龙, 贾小宝, 武敏. 钛铁矿提取TiO₂及制备钛白粉研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(7): 24010240-10.
YANG Shuangyu, LIAO Yalong, JIA Xiaobao, WU Min. Research Progress on TiO₂ Extraction and Preparation of Titanium Dioxide from Ilmenite. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(7): 24010240-10.

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https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24010240 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2025/V39/I7/24010240

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