Performance and Mechanism of Stabilizing Excavated Soil into Subgrade Fills by Using Ladle Furnace Slag
WANG Jingyu1, ZHAN Liangtong1,*, LIANG Teng2, CHEN Ping3
1 MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058, China 2 Center for Hypergravity Experimental and Interdisplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 3 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Abstract: In order to reduce the carbon emissions and costs of stabilizing excavated soil into subgrade fills, and improve the resource recovery of industrial solid waste, ladle furnace slag (single or cooperation with sodium silicate) was selected as the predominant material to stabilize excavated soil to manufacture subgrade fills. The slag could dehydrate the soil more quickly compared to cement, and it was able to transform the soil into fills with a California bearing ratio greater than 8% (a value for the subgrade suffering general hydrological and load situations recommended by standard). Silicate (aluminate) hydrates exhibiting various maturity could be observed within fills, but there were still many residual pores. Consequently, the bearing capacity of compacted fills highly depended on the interlocking effect of slag particles and the compressive hardening of fills. After incorporating sodium silicate, the dehydration of soil was further accelerated. Also, particle-size distribution and stability of the fills were improved. Due to the stimulation of sodium silicate, dicalcium silicate crystal in slag was destructed and then hydrated into silicate (aluminate) hydrates to cement and enclose particles. As a result, the fills exhibited dense microstructure, and the compacted fills demonstrated higher California bearing ratio and the saturated unconfined compressive strength exceeding 1 MPa after 7 days of curing. Sodium silicate was prone to transform into a reactive gel (NaHSi2O5·3H2O) with water uptake and expansibility, thus, excessive addition of sodium silicate resulted in the cracking of compacted fills under high humidity hence reducing strength. Based on the experimental results and the engineering application scenarios of fills, two mix proportions were recommended. When fills were used under general hydrological and load situations, the stabilizer consisted of 4.5%—6% slag, 3% lime, and 3% fly ash of the wet mass of soil. And 0.2%—0.3% sodium silicate was supposed to be added for the fills requiring better water stability and bearing capacity. The presented method for preparing fills, along with the recommended mix design, can facilitate the co-management of excavated soils and industrial solid waste. Furthermore, it can reduce the carbon emissions and costs associated with engineering.
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2025, Vol. 39 
