Degradation Mechanisms of Cast-in-situ Glass Powder-Cement Mortar Under Sulfate Attack
ZHAO Gaowen1,2,*, FANG Yuchuan1, PENG Fengzu1, WANG Zhuo1, DING Shijun1,3
1 School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China 2 Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China 3 State Grid Electric Power Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100069, China
Abstract: Utilizing waste glass powder (GP) as a partial cement replacement offers a promising approach for solid waste valorization;however, the deterioration mechanism of cast-in-situ mortar incorporating GP under sulfate attack remains unclear. In this work, mortar specimens with GP substitution rates of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% were subjected to 180-day corrosion testing in a 10% Na2SO4 solution. Based on the evaluation of macroscopic deterioration, mechanical performance, and pore structure, combined with SEM, EDS, and XRD analyses, the sulfate-induced degradation mechanism at varying GP contents was clarified. The results reveal a “dual-threshold effect” of GP:at 20% substitution, the competition between pozzolanic reactions and sulfate-ion intrusion effectively suppresses expansive damage;whereas when the substitution rate reaches 40% or more, it facilitates gypsum and mirabilite crystallization through Na+ leaching and dilution effects, thereby accelerating deterioration. The 20% GP mixture exhibits the best corrosion resistance, with only 18.50% and 22.52% reductions in compressive and flexural strength and a volumetric expansion of 0.015% after 180 days of corrosion, attributed to inhibited ettringite formation and the generation of amorphous silica-sulfate gels that shift the deterioration mode from expansion to dissolution dominated. In contrast, when the GP substitution rate reaches 40% or more, a pronounced “dilution-leaching” effect is triggered, and the 60% GP mixture develops enlarged pore channels due to insufficient reactive hydration phases, resulting in markedly enhanced SO42- transport, porosity up to 3.20%, and a 43.61% reduction in strength activity index. These findings provide theoretical guidance for the durability design of cast-in-situ concrete in saline-lake and sulfate-rich soil environments and confirm that a 20% GP substitution achieves synergistic enhancement of waste utilization efficiency and resistance to sulfate-induced corrosion.
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2026, Vol. 40 
