Research Progress of Electrically Tunable Infrared Emissivity Devices
ZHANG Hulin1, WANG Lanxi1, CHEN Mingjun2, CHEN Xi3, ZHANG Xiang2, WANG Xiaoyi1, HE Yanchun1, NI Zhuang1, LI Kun1, YANG Miao1, WANG Hu1,*, LI Yao2,*
1 Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China 2 Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China 3 Yangtze River Delta Research Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, Jiangsu, China
Abstract: The electrically tunable infrared emissivity device (e-TIED) features dynamically controllable infrared radiation properties, achieved through the application of an electric field or current. It is extensively utilized in various fields, including intelligent thermal management, stealth ca-mouflage, and building energy conservation. This paper systematically reviews the core strategies and research progress of e-TIED, focusing on material intrinsic characteristics control and optical structure design. On the one hand, the mechanism for regulating emissivity through ion intercalation effect, carrier concentration modulation, and phase transition synergy is elucidated using inorganic electrochromic materials (tungsten oxide), organic conductive polymers (polyaniline), metals (silver), and two-dimensional materials (graphene). On the other hand, the review covers optical resonant structures such as Fabry-Perot resonators, meta-surfaces, photonic crystals, and local surface plasmon resonance. It analyzes the enhancement effect of electromagnetic mode coupling and dynamic tuning of resonance peaks on the characteristics of infrared ra-diation. However, the current e-TIED research is primarily limited to optimizing a one-dimensional strategy:either placing excessive emphasis on enhancing materials (such as developing new electrochromic materials) or solely on structural design (such as constructing multilayer film systems), resulting in performance bottlenecks due to infrared emissivity regulation. This paper highlights the importance of synergy between mate-rial properties and optical structure to achieve breakthroughs in controlling infrared emissivity. Future research should prioritize interdisciplinary approaches, incorporating artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, materials science, and other relevant fields to devise more efficient solutions. This provides theoretical insights and practical references to propel the progress of a new era of e-TIED.
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