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材料导报  2026, Vol. 40 Issue (15): 25070030-10    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25070030
  无机非金属及其复合材料 |
废旧磷酸铁锂正极材料回收与再生的研究进展
孟祥昊1,2, 姚耀春1,2,*, 胡浩正1,2
1 昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明 650093
2 昆明理工大学真空冶金国家工程研究中心,昆明 650093
Research Progress on Recycling and Regeneration of Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathode Materials
MENG Xianghao1,2, YAO Yaochun1,2,*, HU Haozheng1,2
1 School of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Technology, Kunming 650093, China
2 National Engineering Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Technology, Kunming 650093, China
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摘要 随着磷酸铁锂(LFP)电池在电动汽车和储能系统中的广泛应用,其回收处理需求日益迫切。本文从废旧电池预处理环节出发,系统综述了LFP电池正极材料最新的回收技术,聚焦元素回收与直接再生两大方向。元素回收以无机酸(如硫酸、盐酸)或有机酸(如柠檬酸、草酸)浸出为核心,常辅以氧化剂(H2O2)或机械活化,实现锂、铁、磷的高效分离(锂浸出率普遍高于95%)。其优势在于反应条件温和、金属回收率高,但也面临流程复杂、废水处理成本高、试剂消耗大等挑战。直接再生技术通过固相法、水热法或电化学补锂等手段修复失效正极结构,最大限度保留原始材料晶体框架,降低能耗与二次污染。再生材料电化学性能接近新料(循环容量达160 mAh/g)。然而,该技术严重依赖原料一致性,对杂质较为敏感,规模化应用仍受制于修复精度和设备成本。未来,需融合智能分选、联合工艺优化及闭环设计,以突破技术瓶颈,推动LFP电池回收向绿色高效方向发展。
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孟祥昊
姚耀春
胡浩正
关键词:  磷酸铁锂  废物处理  湿法冶金  直接再生  回收利用    
Abstract: With the widespread adoption of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries in electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage, efficient recycling of end-of-life LFP batteries has gained significant urgency. This review begins by examining pretreatment processes for spent batteries and provides a systematic analysis of recent advances in recycling technologies for LFP cathode materials, with a focus on two primary strategies:elemental recovery and direct regeneration. Elemental recovery techniques mainly involve leaching processes using inorganic acids (e.g., H2SO4, HCl) or organic acids (e.g., citric acid, oxalic acid), frequently assisted by oxidizing agents (e.g., H2O2) or mechanochemical activation. These methods achieve high extraction efficiencies for lithium, iron, and phosphorus, with lithium leaching rates typically exceeding 95%. While offering advantages such as mild operating conditions and high metal recovery, these processes are often hampered by complex flowsheets, high wastewater treatment costs, and substantial reagent consumption. Direct regeneration approaches, including solid-state sintering, hydrothermal treatment, and electrochemical relithiation, aim to repair the degraded cathode structure while largely retaining the original crystalline framework. These methods significantly reduce energy consumption and secondary pollution. The regenerated materials exhibit electrochemical performance close to that of pristine counterparts, delivering specific capacities up to 160 mAh·g-1. However, the efficacy of direct regeneration highly depends on feedstock homogeneity and is sensitive to impurities. Scalability remains constrained by the need for precise control and high equipment costs. Future advancements should emphasize the integration of intelligent sorting systems, optimization of hybrid processing routes, and implementation of closed-loop recycling designs to overcome existing technical barriers and promote the development of sustainable and efficient recycling pathways for LFP batteries.
Key words:  lithium iron phosphate    waste treatment    hydrometallurgy    direct regeneration    recycling
出版日期:  2026-08-10      发布日期:  2026-08-31
ZTFLH:  TF111  
基金资助: 云南省科技厅重大科技专项计划(202402AB080001);云南省科技厅昆明理工大学“双一流”创建联合专项(202301BE070001-014);云南省工程研究中心创新能力建设和提升专项(2023-XMDJ-00616955)
通讯作者:  * 姚耀春,教授,博士研究生导师。主要从事锂离子动力和储能电池及其正负极材料制备、冶金过程强化、高纯化学物制备等方面的研究开发和产业化。yaochun9796@163.com   
作者简介:  孟祥昊,昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院硕士研究生,在姚耀春教授指导下研究废旧磷酸铁锂电池正极材料回收。
引用本文:    
孟祥昊, 姚耀春, 胡浩正. 废旧磷酸铁锂正极材料回收与再生的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(15): 25070030-10.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25070030  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I15/25070030
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